新概念英语第四册知识点精讲：第十二课银行和顾客

英语自学网

　　Lesson 12 Banks and their customers
        　　第十二课银行和顾客
        　　by GORDON BARRIE and AUBREY L. DLAMOND
        　　from The Consumer Society and the Law
        　　12-1. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
        　　【译文】任何人在银行开活期账户就等于把钱借给了银行。这笔钱他可以随时提取，方式可以是取现金，也可以是开张以他人为收款人的支票。
        　　【讲解】repayment of which…another person为非限制性定语从句，which代表money。repayment of which在定语从句中作demand的宾语。
        　　【单词和短语】
        　　repayment：偿还，付还(when you pay back money that you have borrowed)，
        　　例如：
        　　bonds due for repayment到期应偿还的债券
        　　demand repayment of the stolen money 要求归还被窃钱款
        　　repayment的动词形式为repay。
        　　12-2. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor—who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
        　　【译文】银行与储户主要是债务人和债权人关系。究竟谁是债务人谁是债权人要看储户是有结余还是透支。
        　　【讲解】that替代relationship，以避免重复。who is which depending on…overdrawn乃独立主格结构，进一步说明破折号之前的句子。who is which是现在分词短语depending on…overdrawn的逻辑主语。which代表debtor或creditor，意为“谁是债务人，谁是债权人”。whether…is overdrawn作on的宾语。
        　　【单词和短语】
        　　overdrawn：透支的(if you or your account is overdrawn, you have spent more than you had in your account and so you own the bank money)，
        　　例如：
        　　interest charged on overdrawn accounts对透支账户所收的利息。
        　　overdrawn的动词形式为overdrawn。
        　　12-3. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
        　　【译文】除了这一基本的简单概念外，银行和储户彼此还需承担大量义务。
        　　【单词和短语】
        　　owe：应给予;应该(或有必要)做(to feel that you should do sth. for sb. or give sb. sth. , because they have done sth. for you or given sth. to you)，
        　　例如：
        　　owe sb. thanks 应向某人致谢
        　　I owe him a letter. 我应该给他写一封信。
        　　You owe yourself a subscription. 你该给自己订阅一份。
        　　注意比较第二课第4句中own的含义。
        　　obligation：(法律上或道义上的)责任，义务(a moral or legal duty to do something)，
        　　例如：
        　　a legal obligation to serve in the armed forces 服兵役的法律责任
        　　the obligations of a citizen 公民的义务
        　　fulfill every obligation 尽到每一责任
        　　undertake new obligations 承担新的责任
        　　feel an obligation to do sb. 感到对某人有责任
        　　obligation的动词形式为obligate，形容词形式为obligatory。
        　　12-4. Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.