《新概念》英语——写作新概念 （2）

英语自学网

　　启承转合型
　　1. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. (三册12课)
　　译文：另一种想法恰恰相反。
　　2. This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. (三册41课)
　　译文：这种田园诗般的乡村美景只是一个侧面。
　　点评：在议论文写作过程中，中国考生一般是将所有观点按序排列，若要转换话题时，多以but, however等词过渡，略显单薄和单调。而以上两例不仅可以延展文章的长度，也具有视觉缓冲的效果，使阅卷人或读者能继续保持较高的注意力和兴趣度。
　　利弊说明型
　　1.The car has a curious ambivalence: it creates and then it destroys mobility. The car tempts people further out and then gives them the appalling problem of getting back. It makes them believe they can spend Sunday in Brighton, but makes it impossible for them to return before, say, two in the morning. （四册46课）
　　译文：汽车有着令人奇怪的自相矛盾：它创造了机动性，又亲自将其毁掉。汽车诱使人们更加远行，然后又使他们面临如何返回的巨大难题。它使人们相信能在布莱顿度过周末，却无法在凌晨两点返回。
　　点评：利弊说明是议论文中频繁采用的写作手段，其方式一般分为两种，一种是将优点和缺点分别罗列，构成比较的两大整块，即A,A,A…, B,B,B…型（A为优点，B为缺点，下同）；另一种则是将优、缺点交叉罗列，即上例使用的A,B,A, B…型。相对而言，后者条理更加清晰，读者更易理解。
　　说明阐述型
　　1. Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him….The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service. （四册51课）
　　译文：驯象主要有两种方法，可分别称为强硬法和温柔法。简而言之，前一种方法就是让象干活，并把它打到顺从为止。…温柔法在早期需要（驯象者）更大的耐心，但驯出的象心甘情愿，脾气好，会为主人忠心服务多年。
　　点评：该例是说明文极为常见的类型，叙述时如果想使语言增加变化，可采用词汇替换等手段。另需注意：说明文宜多采用被动式，译成汉语时可考虑采用主动式。
　　归纳总结型
　　1. As is often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. (四册27课)
　　译文：人们常说知识是一把双刃剑，它既能造福人类，也能祸害人类。
　　示例：As is often pointed out, income-tax is a two-edged weapon which, on the one hand, narrows the gap between the haves and the have nots, and to some extent dampens the passion of the former on the other.
　　译文：人们常说收入所得税是一把双刃剑。一方面它使得贫富差距缩小，而另一方面一定程度上挫伤了高收入者的积极性。
　　2. What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness. (四册12课)
　　译文：几乎所有好莱坞影片的特点就是其内在的空洞性。
　　示例：What characterizes almost all TV programs is their monotony.
　　译文：几乎所有电视节目的特点就是单调乏味。
　　示例：What characterizes almost all newspapers and magazines is the excess of commercials.
　　译文：几乎所有报刊杂志的特点就是篇幅过多的商业广告。
　　3. Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory. （三册47课）
　　译文：无论何种噪声源，有一点是肯定的：宁静似乎已成为金色的回忆了。
　　点评：议论文最常见的结尾方式是以so, therefore, thus, hence等标志词引导。而以上三例则另辟蹊径，表达方式千姿百态，却起到了殊途同归的功效。因此，充足的知识储备才能真正达到“下笔如有神”的境界。