新概念英语第二册语法总结：主谓一致

英语自学网

　　I.单数主语：
        　　1.当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。
        　　● Someone has told me about it.
        　　● Neither of us likes the film.
        　　2.当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。(必记之要点!)
        　　● Each girl and boy has a nickname.
        　　● Every man and woman is welcome.
        　　3.位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.
        　　(这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。)
        　　● The teacher along with his students is going to the party.
        　　● His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.
        　　II.复数主语：
        　　1.当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。
        　　● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
        　　2.如主语是both, few或主语前有both, few, several, many 等限定词时，谓语动词须用复数。
        　　● Several novels have been written by her.
        　　● Both got the news at the same time.
        　　3.下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。
        　　trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, scissors, tweezers, plier, scales , compasses, etc.
        　　● The trousers here are mine.
        　　别忘了：如果以上名词受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
        　　The pair of pants is too dirty.
        　　III.单、复数的灵活运用：
        　　1.当主语由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 连接时，谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的词一致，在英语语法中，这被称之为“就近原则”。
        　　● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
        　　● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.
        　　2.当主语前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等词时，谓语动词则根据主语的具体情况而采用相应的单、复数。
        　　● All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可数名词)
        　　● All of us have been here.
        　　3.“a number of”是复数，修饰可数名词，谓语动词为复数，“the number of”也修饰复数名词，但谓语动词用单数。(黄金要点!!)
        　　● A number of students have passed the exam.
        　　● The number of students in this class is 50.
        　　IV. 用作单数的复数形式主语：
        　　1.如主语是指：time, money, weight, volume, etc. 虽为复数形式，但谓语用单数形式。
        　　● Two years is a short time.
        　　● One hundred dollars is needed by me.
        　　2.下列单词如：physics，economics，mathematics，statistics，etc;measles，mumps，herpes，etc，news，ethics，politics，etc. 为复数形式，但谓语动词用单数。
        　　● Statistics is a dull subject.
        　　● Politics is important.
        　　3.书、报、杂志、电影的名称作主语，谓动用作单数。
        　　● The New York Times is a good newspaper.
        　　V.下列名词在形式上保持不变，但谓语动词的数取决于其意义：
        　　1.family，team，class，committee，group，audience，faculty，etc.
        　　● The family is big.(总体)
        　　● His family like to watch TV.(家庭所有成员)
        　　2.species，series，etc.