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动名词：
1.动名词定义：具有名词性质，可在句中担任主语，宾语表语，定语，具有所有格作修饰语。
2.形式：以do为例
doing → being done
having done → having been done
3.用法：
(1)主语：
Saving is easier than doing.
His coming here will be a great help.
It is no use waiting here, he has left.
It is no goodsmoking.
There is no getting along with him.(简直无法和他相处)
……以上例句皆必须要背诵!……
(2)表语：His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.
Seeing is believing.
(3)宾语：
a. 动词宾语：He admitted taking the book.
I do mind your smoking here.
重磅要点，请读20 遍：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：
admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...
特注：以allow为例：allow + doing sth(动名词作宾语)。但可以：Allow sb to do sth(不定式作宾补)。
这类动词常见如 advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.
b. 作介词宾语：
He left without saying goodbye to us.
I'm looking forwardto meeting you.(to 在这里是介词)
(4)定语：
reading room swimming pool walking stick
4.动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成。
His leaving is a great loss.
Mother dislikes my (me) working late.
John's having seen her did not make her worried.
注：动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语，作主语是必须是所有格。如上二例，但作宾语时可以用所有格，也可用普通格。(解释得很拗口，请将例句看透即可!)
5.动名词时态：
I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以后)
He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.(以前)
6.动名词语态：
He doesn't like being flattered.
I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.
7.动名词与不定式在用法上的几点比较：
(1)在 begin，start，continue 等词后用动名词或不定式区别不大。
He began writing / to write in 1980.
(2)下列动词跟不定式或动名词所表示意义差别很大，注意使用。(用心咀嚼!)
He stopped talking. 停止讲话。
He stopped to talk. 停下来开始讲话。
Please remember to post the letter. 记住寄走这封信。
I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄出了这封信。
I forgot to lock the door yesterday. 昨天我忘记锁门了。(未锁)
I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了我曾告诉过他这个消息。(做过的事情忘记了) |
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发表于 2016-7-11 22:29:01