从句与先行词一致原则

英语自学网

1. 子句与先行词一致主要指形容词子句的关系代名词和述语动词与主要子句的先行词的一致。
        2. 关系代名词who, which, that在形容词子句中作主语时,人称、性、数以及述语动词必须和先行词一致。
I, who am your friend, can help you.
我作为你的朋友可以帮助你。
        I, who am your classmate, can understand you.
我是你的同班同学,能了解你。
        You, who are my good friend, can help me.
你是我的好朋友,能帮助我。
        3. 关系代名词作形容词子句的主语时用主格;作宾语时则用宾格。
That's the girl whom I want to meet.
那正是我要认识的女孩。
        Hi, there is a boy who wants to meet you.
嗨，有个男孩儿想认识你。
        This is the student who wants to see you.
就是这个学生想见你。
who作主语,是主格。
        This is the student whom you want to see.
这就是你想要见的学生。
whom作宾语,是宾格。
        4. 若先行词有两个,一个是物,一个是人,则关系代名词用that。
My friend loves anybody and anything that is pretty.
我的朋友喜欢任何漂亮的人或事物。
        He loves anybody and anything that is useful to him.
他喜欢对他有用的任何人和任何物。
        5. 先行词是集合名词,表示组成的成员时,子句的述语动词用复数;表示整体意念时,子句的述语动词用单数。
This is a family who often quarrel among themselves.
这是一个经常吵架的家庭。
family指家庭中的各个成员。
        Tom's is a family which has just migrated from South Africa.
汤姆的家庭是一个从南非移民来的家庭。
family指家庭整体。
        6. 强调非动词的句子中的一致性。
It is John who is wrong.
是约翰的不对。
        7. 在强调非动词时,被强调部分为两个并列的名词或代名词,形容词子句的述语动词与后一个或表示肯定的代名词一致。
Is it he or you who want to meet me?
是他还是你想认识我？
        It is girl, not drinks that interests me now.
现在让我感兴趣的不是喝的而是女孩儿。
        It is speed, not bad roads that causes accidents.
引起交通事故的不是不良的路面而是速度。
        It's he or you who (that) are wrong.
不是你错就是他错。