2013年大学英语四级常用语法精选(4)

英语自学网

Ⅱ 非谓语动词
　　不定式
　　形式
　　主动形式 被动形式
　　一般式 to do to be done
　　完成式 to have done to have been done
　　进行式 to be doing
　　完成进行式 to have been doing
　　完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式。
　　I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
　　(比较: I am glad to see you.)
　　He is said to have written a new book about workers.
　　He pretended not to have seen me.
　　进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式。
　　You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet.
　　We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.
　　He pretended to be listening attentively.
　　完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.
　　The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
　　We are happy to have been working with you.