2011年12月英语四六级快速阅读题解题技巧及强化集训

英语自学网

第一节 快速阅读题解题技巧
        　　一、题型揭秘
        　　大纲规定本部分有两种考查题型，即判断正误题和单项选择题，每年从中选择一种题型进行考查。但需要我们注意的是2007年6月以前快速阅读的设题方式为7道判断题加3道补全句子题，而2007年12月以来的真题中前7道均为单项选择题，后3道为补全句子题。从近几年的出题倾向来看，单项选择题更能够考查出学生快速阅读的能力和水平，因此单项选择题成为近几年快速阅读考查的主要形式。考生在复习时要对这两种题型都有所了解，在平时的训练中把重点放在单项选择题上。
        　　二、解题步骤
        　　第一步，略读全文，浏览大标题，分析小标题
        　　浏览大标题的目的是为了对文章内容有大致的了解。而分析小标题则是为了把握文章的总体结构，了解文章内容的基本构成。如果阅读理解的篇幅较短，考试中可以直接用题目中的关键词汇定位，但是面对长篇累牍的快速阅读，考生首先应当留意文章当中是否有小标题。如果有，一定要先读小标题，因为小标题的作用如同目录，可以帮助考生宏观地把握文章框架，迅速寻找到有效信息的范围。
        　　有时文章没有小标题，这时须按下列顺序浏览全文：第一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句——以下每一段的第一句——最后一段的第一句和最后一句。这种方法，意味着已经开始阅读，所以花的时间要长一些，但应该控制在两分钟之内。
        　　第二步，仔细读题，划出标志词或关键词
        　　标志词指的是专有名词(人名、地名、组织名、国名等)和数字等有标志性的单词，根据这些单词，我们可以对试题涉及的内容在文章中的位置进行快速定位。
        　　如果试题中没有标志词，那么就根据试题中的名词、名词词组、动词、动词词组、形容词和形容词词组确定试题提问的内容，然后再确定试题在文章中的位置。
        　　第三步，答题
        　　在答题时，首先要根据标志词或关键词确定试题所在的部分，即在哪一个小标题下。如果文章没有小标题，也可以对试题在文章中的位置进行模糊定位。因为真题的出题顺序与原文的相关位置是一致的。也就是说，第四题答案的位置绝不会在第三题前面(但模拟题远非如此，所以模拟题较难)。因此我们答题时，不要一道题一道题地答，而要两道两道地做，前后呼应，能更好地定位。
        　　三、 题型分类及解题技巧
        　　快速阅读对理解深度和层次要求不高，因此考试中通常只出现两种题型：主旨题和细节题。主旨题主要考查考生对所读文章主要轮廓、主要内容或中心思想等全局性问题的理解和把握;而细节题主要考查考生对细节问题如具体介绍、数字、步骤等局部性内容的理解。
        　　1.主旨题的解题技巧
        　　根据英文文章的写作特点，解答快速阅读的主旨题时要注意以下几点：
        　　(1)快速阅读文章第一、二段，抓住文章大意、背景和作者风格，因为作者一般会在文章开头几段概述全文;
        　　(2)快速浏览找出每段的中心句和几件事实，抓住一两个关键词，如果文中段落大意没有用一句话总结，就自己归纳出大意，在可能蕴含全文主旨的部分进行仔细阅读;
        　　(3)注意转折词和序列词，有助于我们了解文章的脉络。
        　　用于快速阅读的文章，在通常情况下每个小部分会有一个小标题，这样对考生迅速阅读文章并掌握文章的主旨大意非常有帮助，考生要善于利用这一点。另外，因为文章和段落结构通常遵守某种体裁的结构模式，因此在快速阅读时，并不需要每句话都仔仔细细地阅读。
        　　2.细节题的解题技巧
        　　快速阅读文章后面的10道试题中大部分都是细节题，因此对细节题的解题技巧要熟练掌握。
        　　(1)首先，确定自己要找的信息。在阅读文章之前，目光快速扫描一遍后面的题目;
        　　(2)其次，了解文章的信息分布。可查读各章节小标题进行定位，确定可能含有所需信息的部分;
        　　(3)最后，找出所需的具体信息。在已经定位的区域，快速阅读直至锁定答案。
         
       
            
            

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        　　第二节 快速阅读题强化集训
        　　Test 1
        　　Dare to Dream
        　　Our dreams may affect our lives more than we ever realized. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist kept a journal of nearly 5,000 dreams. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizonabased researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the mans emotional state.
        　　“The clues were in the colors,” he says. The anthropologist’s dominant dream hues were reds and blacks, which spiked during difficult times. “Even without knowing the events in his life,” Hoss observes, “we accurately determined the emotional states based on those colors in his dreams.”
        　　Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to cutting edge medical technology and innovative psychological research, are beginning to decode the secrets hidden in our dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give us new insights into the language of dreams and help us make the most of our time asleep.
        　　Why Do We Dream?
        　　Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance.
        　　Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the days emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a builtin therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones.
        　　In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a fivemonth period, measuring their feelings toward their exspouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.
        　　One Interpretation Doesn’t Fit All
        　　No device lets researchers probe the content of dreams while we sleep, but scientists are finding new ways to interpret dreams once we’ve awakened. Forget Freud’s notion that dreams contain images with universal meanings (e.g., cigar=penis). A new generation of psychologists insists that dream symbols differ depending on the dreamer. In a recent study, University of Ottawa psychology professor Joseph De Koninck asked 13 volunteers to make two lists: one of details recalled from recent dreams, and another of recent events in their waking lives. When analysts were asked to match which volunteer experienced which dream, they failed. De Konincks conclusion: Each person understands his or her dreams better than anyone else—including traditional psychoanalysts. In a dream, sometimes a cigar is just a cigar—or almost anything else.
        　　“There’s just no evidence of universal dream symbols,” says De Koninck. “My advice is to throw away your dream dictionary if you really want to interpret your dreams.”
        　　Decoding the Meanings
        　　Today, psychologists are applying modern technology to probe the content of dreams. Hoss uses a computer based approach called content analysis to interpret the colors in dreams. More than 80 percent of people dream in color, he says, though only a quarter of them recall the shades the next morning. To collect data, he analyzed nearly 24,000 dreams, catalogued in two databases at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and Bridgewater State College in Massa-chusetts. His study suggested that specific colors represent particular emotions.
        　　But, as with symbols and action, one size doesn’t fit all when it comes to interpretation. Every dreamer draws on a different palette to reflect personal associations. “Using color is your brain’s way of painting your dreams with your emotion,” says Hoss, who just published his results in Dream Language (Inner source, 2005).
        　　Some researchers scoff at the need for computers or even therapists to interpret dreams. Psychologist Gayle Delaney, founding president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams, believes that dreamers themselves are the best interpreters of their time in dreamland.
        　　What Dreams Can Do for You
        　　Psychologists have long known that people can solve their problems at work and home by “sleeping on it.” The challenge has always been to train yourself to dream up the solutions. Deirdre Barrett, an assistant psychology professor at Harvard Medical School and editor of the journal Dreaming, advises individuals to ponder questions just before falling asleep (Should I take this job? Should I marry that guy?) and then let the subconscious provide the answers. “I’ve known artists looking for inspiration who simply dream up a future show of their art and wake up with plenty of new painting ideas,” says Barrett. “More and more people are learning these techniques to control their dreams.”
        　　Some researchers believe that you can guide your dreams while youre sleeping. In recent years, Stephen LaBerge, has pioneered a way of directing the sleeping mind through “lucid dreaming,” in which a sleeping person realizes he or she is dreaming while it is happening. Lucid dreamers can experience fantasy adventures—like flying to the moon or traveling through time—while being fully aware that theyre dreaming. “It’s like a poor man’s Tahiti,” says LaBerge, a psycho physiologist who directs the Lucidity Institute in Palo Alto, California. “Just being in a lucid dream is a turn-on for people.”
        　　According to LaBerge, lucid dreamers can use the experience for a variety of purposes: problem solving, developing creative ideas and healing. Patricia Keelin, a 55-year-old graphic cartographer from northern California, has used lucid dreaming for everything from talking to her longdead father to gorging on sweets. “Chocolate always tastes better in a lucid dream because you don’t have to worry about the calories,” she says. A weak swimmer in her waking life, she often likes to go skin diving when she realizes she’s having a lucid dream, diving to the bottom of the dream ocean without worrying about breathing (or her swimming skills). “It’s exhilarating,” she says. “Lucid dreaming is great because it’s free and available to everybody.”
        　　Well, not entirely free. Although everyone has the potential to dream lucidly, it rarely happens routinely without special training or temperament.
        　　Indeed, your dreams are like private movies where you are the star, director and writer all at once. And as the latest research indicates, you are also the most insightful movie critic—without the need of a couch. The best interpreter of your dreams is you.
        　　1. The red and black colors that dominate the anthropologist’s dream .
        　　A) combine a sign of his experiencing difficult times
        　　B) spiked when he is unpleasant with things around
        　　C) is the reflection of what he thought
        　　D) is nothing but imagination
        　　2. The passage mainly reveals .
        　　A) how dreams occur during our sleeping
        　　B) why we will dream and the outcome of dreaming at night
        　　C) some of the newest discoveries on dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives
        　　D) dreaming has very deep influence on our life
        　　3. Dreaming is .
        　　A) more conscious than subconscious
        　　B) a mood regulatory system
        　　C) less conscious than subconscious
        　　D) the conscious mind
        　　4. Studies found that it is likely for people to dream of .
        　　A) new images combined with old emotional experiences
        　　B) old images combined with new emotional experiences
        　　C) images irrelevant with old emotional experiences
        　　D) images irrelevant with new emotional experiences
        　　5. By observing dreams of 30 divorced adults, Cartwright found that .
        　　A) overcoming the marriage problems is difficult for the people who dreams a lot at night
        　　B) overcoming marriage problems is very easy for the spouse who just have been married
        　　C) the marriage problems exist in any spouse who have no chance of overcoming marriage problems
        　　D) those having the best chance of overcoming marriage problems usually were angry at their spouse in dreams
        　　6. Koninck believes that .
        　　A) each person is the best dream interpreter of his own dreams
        　　B) any person can interpret others’dreams
        　　C) dreaming is very easy to interpret
        　　D) no one can interpret his own dream
        　　7. Gayle Delan holds that .
        　　A) therapists are very helpful to interpret the dreams
        　　B) it is ridiculous to use computer to interpret the dreams
        　　C) computers and therapists are most helpful in dreaminterpretation
        　　D) computers are very helpful to interpret the dreams
        　　8. Lucid dreaming is different from dreams of common belief in that it enables people to .
        　　9. For anyone intends to dream lucidly, is necessary.
        　　10. The latest research indicates that play the combined role of actor, director, writer, or even critic in the private movies of your dreams.
        　　Test 2—Test 5