2011年12月英语四级模拟训练及答案（一）

英语自学网

　　partI Writing (30 minute)
        　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
        　　Directions:For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their
        　　fectures.You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:
        　　1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师
        　　2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素
        　　3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题
        　　On Students Selecting Lecturers
        　　范文：
        　　On Students Choosing Lecturers
        　　Nowadays, some universities give students the right to choose who teaches some of their classes. This has led to some debate over whether students should be given this much power.
        　　There are several factors that students consider when choosing a lecturer, including the teaching style of the lecturer, the lecturer's academic background, and the lecturer's reputation among students. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, and a good reputation among students.
        　　There are both positive and negative aspects to allowing students to choose their lecturers. Giving students the choice encourages them to take ownership for their classes, and also puts pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality.
        　　However, the factors that students consider might not be the ones that lead to the highest quality of education. Schools might end up with lecturers who teach interesting classes without much content.
       
            
            

enthree

        　　Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)
        　　Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minute to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1
        　　For questions 1-7,mark
        　　Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
        　　N(for NO) if statement cintradicts the information given in the passage;
        　　NG(for NOT CIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
        　　for question 8-10 ,complete the sentenced with the information given in the passage.
        　　Highway
        　　A goverment study recommended a national highway systerm of33,920 miles,and congress passed the Federcal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict,centrakky controlled desert criterra.
        　　The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To bulid its 44,000-mile web of highways,bridge.and tunnels hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic ,features of the country:mountains,steep grades,wetlands,rivers,desorts and plains.Variables included the slope of the land,the ability of the pavement to support the load.Innovative, designs of roadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country ,forever altering the face of American .
        　　Long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr.bakerin Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges,Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed uder the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world,ang were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.
        　　Today .the interstate system links every major city in the U.S,and the U.S with Canada and Mexico,Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians,or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,ourves engineered for safe turns,and limited access,The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)
        　　By opening the North American continent,highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs,access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cutural progreams health care ,and other benefits.Above all,the interstate system provides individuals with what they enerish most:personal freedom of mobility.
        　　The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck.and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehiole.
        　　Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes,it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels,restaurants,and shopping centres.It has allower the rwlocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
        　　By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads ,residential streets,expressways,and freeways built to support millions of vehicles,The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vison and leadership.The year construction began he said:"Together,the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States.Without them ,we would be a mere alliance of many sepaeate parts."
        　　8.The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________
        　　9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________
        　　10.The interterstate systerm was renamed afterEisenhower in recognition_____________
        　　参考答案：1.Y N NG 2. Y N NG 3.Y NO NG 5. Y N NG 6.Y N NG 7.Y N NG
        　　参考答案：08. personal freedom of mobility
        　　参考答案：09. 75 percent
        　　参考答案：10. his vision and leadership
       
            
            

ensix

听力#e#
        　　Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
        　　Section A
        　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
        　　11. [A] Wait for the sale to start.
        　　[B] Get further information about the sale.
        　　[C] Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.
        　　[D] Buy a new suit.
        　　12. [A] He doesn’t think that John is ill.
        　　[B] He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.
        　　[C] He is aware that John is ill.
        　　[D] He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.
        　　13. [A] Before six. [B] At six. [C] After six. [D] After seven.
        　　14. [A] It is bigger. [B] It has a prettier color.
        　　[C] It has a larger yard. [D] It is brighter.
        　　15. [A] Australian and American. [B] Guest and host.
        　　[C] Husband and wife. [D] Professor and student.
        　　16. [A] 1∶30. [B] 11∶00. [C] 9∶30. [D] 10∶00.
        　　17. [A] He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.
        　　[B] He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.
        　　[C] He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.
        　　[D] He prefers traveling with the woman.
        　　18. [A] He thinks she should visit her cousin.
        　　[B] Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.
        　　[C] Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.
        　　[D] He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.
        　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
        　　19. [A] Two different types of bones in the human body.
        　　[B] How bones help the body move.
        　　[C] How bones continuously repair themselves.
        　　[D] The chemical composition of human bones.
        　　20. [A] They defend the bone against viruses.
        　　[B] They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.
        　　[C] They break down bone tissue.
        　　[D] They connect the bone to muscle tissue.
        　　21. [A] They have difficulty identifying these cells.
        　　[B] They aren’t sure how these cells work.
        　　[C] They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.
        　　[D] They’ve found similar cells in other species.
        　　22. [A] To learn how to prevent a bone disease.
        　　[B] To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.
        　　[C] To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.
        　　[D] To create artificial bone tissue.
        　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
        　　23. [A] A new fuel for buses.
        　　[B] The causes of air pollution.
        　　[C] A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.
        　　[D] Careers in environmental engineering.
        　　24.[ A] Her car is being repaired.
        　　[B] She wants to help reduce pollution.
        　　[C] Parking is difficult in the city.
        　　[D] The cost of fuel has increased.
        　　25. [A] A fuel that burns cleanly.
        　　[B] An oil additive that helps cool engines.
        　　[C] A material from which filters are made.
       
            
            

enthree

        　　[D] An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.
        　　Section B
        　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
        　　Passage One
        　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　26.[A] From three to five months. [B] Three months.　[C] Five months.[D] Four months.
        　　27.[A] Watch traffic. [B] Obey commands.　[C] Cross streets safely.[D] Guard the door.
        　　28.[A] Three weeks. [B] Two weeks.　[C] Four weeks. [D] Five weeks.
        　　Passage Two
        　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　29.[A] Two to four times.[B] Four to six times.　[C] Four to eight times.[D] Six to ten times.
        　　30.[A] Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.
        　　[B] People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.
        　　[C] People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills.
        　　[D] Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.
        　　31.[A] People dream so as to sleep better.
        　　[B] People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.
        　　[C] Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.
        　　[D] Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.
        　　Passage Three
        　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　32. [A] A sales representative. [B] A store manager. [C] A committee chairperson.[D] A class president.
        　　33.[ A] To determine who will graduate this year.
        　　[B] To discuss the seating arrangement.
        　　[C] To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.
        　　[D] To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.
        　　34. [A] Their names, phone numbers and job preference.
        　　[B] The names and addresses of their guests.
        　　[C] The names of the committee they worked on last year.
        　　[D] Their dormitory name, address and phone number.
        　　35. [A] In an hour.[B] Next week.　[C] In one month. [D] Next year.
        　　Part III Listening Comprehension
        　　Section A
        　　11.W∶ I just saw an ad. on television that said men’s suits were on sales today and tomorrow at Conrad’s Men’s Wear.
        　　M∶Great! That’s just what I’ve been waiting for.
        　　Q∶What will the man probably do?
        　　【解析】[D]男士说男士套装的特价销售正是他一直等待着的。所以从他的态度可判断，他要去买件男装。
        　　12.W:Is John really ill?
        　　M:It’s hard to say. I doubt there’s anything wrong with him physically.
        　　Q: What does the man mean?
        　　【解析】[A]从男士的话“我怀疑约翰的身体没有任何问题”中可看出答案。
        　　13.M:Do you know if the book shop is still open?
        　　W:Yes, it’s open till six.
        　　Q:When do you think this conversation took place?
        　　【解析】[A]女士说书店现在还开着，一直开到六点呢，说明现在的时间是在六点之前。
        　　14.M:Of the two houses we saw today, which do you prefer?
        　　W:I think the white one is prettier, but the brick one has a bigger yard, so I like it better.
        　　Q:Why does the woman like the brick house better than the white house?
        　　【解析】[C]女士明确指出 the brick one has a bigger yard, so I like it better。
        　　15. M:Honey, we’ll have a guest from Australia, a friend of mine. He’ll stay in California for two weeks.
        　　W:Yes. Your friend Andy. He was your classmate at London University, wasn’t he?
        　　Q:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
        　　【解析】[C]男士称女士为 honey, 证明两人关系亲密，由此可判断两人关系为夫妻。
        　　16.M: When will the meeting begin?
        　　W:According to the schedule it should be at 9:30. It will last for an hour and a half.
        　　Q:When will the meeting be closed?
        　　【解析】[B]根据女士所说的话，根据时刻表会议9∶30开始，持续一个半小时，那么即11：00结束。
        　　17. W:If I were you, I would take a plane instead of a bus. It will take you forever to go there.
        　　M:But flying makes me so nervous.
        　　Q: What does the man prefer to do?
        　　【解析】[C] 女士建议男士乘飞机，男士回答说飞行让他精神紧张，说明男士还是愿意乘坐公共汽车。
        　　18. W:I’ve been thinking about my cousin a lot today.
        　　M:Why not go over for a visit?
        　　Q:What does the man mean?
        　　【解析】[A]男士说的 Why not go over for a visit 即是在建议女士去看望她的堂兄。
       
            
            

enone

        　　Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
        　　Conversation One
        　　W:OK, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones. Are there any comments about it?
        　　M:Well, to begin with, I was surprised to find out there was so much going on in bones. I always assumed they were pretty lifeless.
        　　W:Well, that’s an assumption many people make. But the fact is bones are made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair.
        　　M:Right. That’s one of the things I found so fascinating about the article the way the bones repair themselves.
        　　W:OK. So can you tell us how the bones repair themselves?
        　　M:Sure. See, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells in the bone that work together to do it. The first group goes to an area of the bone that needs repair. This group of cells produces the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue, and leaves a hole in it. After that the second group of specialized cells comes and produces the new tissue that fills in the hole that was made by the first group.
        　　W:Very good. This is a very complex process. In fact, the scientists who study human bones don’t completely understand it yet. They are still trying to find out how it all actually works. Specifically, because sometimes after the first group of cells leaves a hole in the bone tissue, for some reason, the second group doesn’t completely fill in the hole. And this can cause real problems. It can actually lead to a disease in which the bone becomes weak and is easily broken.
        　　M:OK, I get it. So if the scientists can figure out what makes the specialized cells work, maybe they can find a way to make sure the second group of cells completely fills the hole in the bone tissue every time. That’ll prevent the disease from ever occurring.
        　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
        　　19.What is the discussion mainly about?
        　　【解析】[C]对话一开始就谈论人类骨骼的问题，女士说 But the fact is bones are made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair. 后面的对话都是针对这个话题展开的讨论，可见整个对话讨论的话题是骨骼的自我修复能力。
        　　20.What is the function of the first group of specialized cells discussed in the talk?
        　　【解析】[C]男士解释了第一组细胞的作用，第一组细胞生成一种化学物质分解骨组织(This group of cells produces the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue...)，由此可见答案是They break down bone tissue.
        　　21.What does the professor say about scientists who study the specialized cells in human bones?
        　　【解析】[B]女士说这种特殊细胞作用于人类骨骼的过程相当复杂，事实上，连研究人类骨骼的科学家都不能完全了解这个过程。从这一句中可以知道：In fact, the scientists who study human bones don’t completely understand it yet. 所以答案即是这些科学家也不完全知道这些细胞如何工作。
        　　22.According to the student, which is one important purpose of studying specialized cells in human bones?
        　　【解析】[A]学习这些人类骨骼中的特殊细胞的重要目的是为了学习如何预防骨头疾病。从男士的这一句话中可看出：That’ll prevent the disease from ever occurring. 这样可以在疾病发生之前预防疾病，可见[A]符合题意。
        　　Conversation Two
        　　M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down?
        　　W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been?
        　　M:Good. But I’m surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop?
        　　W:No. I’ve just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could.
        　　M:I’m sure you are right. The diesel bus isn’t exactly pollution free.
        　　W:True. They’ll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.
        　　M:What could the city do? Install pollution filters in all their buses?
        　　W:They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on the fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.
        　　M: How?
        　　W:Well, there is a material that’s a really good insulator. And a thin coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine.
        　　M: An insulator?
        　　W:Yeah. What it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.
        　　M:So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air.
        　　W:And the bus will need less fuel. So with the saving on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.
        　　M:Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car engines.
        　　W:Well, it’s not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It’s not something you or I will be able to do ourselves.
        　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
        　　23.What is the conversation mainly about?
        　　【解析】[C]女士说为了环保应该多乘坐公共交通设备，因此之后的话题便围绕如何节能保护环境的问题展开。这段对话主要讨论的是公共汽车的节能问题，讨论了如何让公共汽车燃料更有效的利用，因此[C]符合题意。
        　　24.Why did the woman decide to ride the city bus?
        　　【解析】[B]对话开头部分就交代了此题答案，那位女士说她不开自己的车而乘坐公共汽车是为了降低环境污染。从她提到的So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could 即可得知。
        　　25.What is the new material?
        　　【解析】[D]这种新的材料是在引擎部位喷洒的一种绝缘材料。从女士的话中there is a material that’s a really good insulator. And a thin coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine即可得出。这种材料的用途是将燃料燃烧的热量反射回去，从而达到提高效率的结果。
       
            
            

enthree

        　　Section B
        　　Passage One
        　　A guide dog is a dog especially trained to guide a blind person. Dogs chosen for such training must show good intelligence, physical fitness, and responsibility.
        　　At the age of about fourteen months, a guide dog begins an intensive course that lasts from three to five months. It becomes accustomed to the leather harness and stiff leather handle it will wear when guiding its blind owner. The dog learns to watch traffic and to cross streets safely. It also learns to obey any command that might lead its owner into danger.
        　　The most important part of the training course is a four-week program in which the guide dog and its future owner learn to work together. However, many blind people are unsuited by personality to work dogs. Only about a tenth of the blind find a guide dog useful.
        　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　26. How long does the intensive course last?
        　　【解析】[A]文中明确提到an intensive course that lasts from three to five months，因此正确答案为 [A]。
        　　27.Which of the following is not a necessary skill guide dogs have to learn?
        　　【解析】[D]答案依据是The dog learns to watch traffic and to cross streets safely. It also learns to obey any command that might lead its owner into danger. 从这两句中可看出看家不属于导盲犬训练范围内的技能。
        　　28.How long does the most important training course last?
        　　【解析】[C]最重要的训练课程持续四周。文中明确指出了本题答案。The most important part of the training course is a fourweek program，从此句中即可看出。
        　　Passage Two
        　　People dream four to six times a night. They dream while they are in the REM stage of sleep, which means rapid eye movement stage in one’s sleep. Sleepers go into the REM stage about every 90 minutes. The first dream of the night may last about ten minutes. Each dream gets a little longer. The last dream of the night may be an hour long.
        　　People need their dreams. Younger children spend more time dreaming. Babies spend almost half of their sleep in the REM stage.
        　　One experiment showed that everyone needs to dream. Doctors gave some people sleeping pills. These sleeping pills didn’t let them go to REM sleep. After a few nights without dreams, they began to feel bad. They became angry easily, they worried a lot, and they wanted to fight with everyone. Then they stopped taking the sleeping pills. They all began to dream all night for a few nights to catch up.
        　　Why do people dream? Dreams give them time to find the answers to some of their problems. If they think they will have difficult problems the next day, they may spend more time on REM sleep the night before. In their dreams, they may find an answer to their problems.
        　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　29.How often does a person dream each night?
        　　【解析】[B]文章一开始即交代了一个人一晚上要做梦四到六次。从第一句就可看出People dreams four to six times a night.因此，答案为 [B]。
        　　30.What is true according to this passage?
        　　【解析】[D]安眠药会阻止人们进入REM睡眠状态。These sleeping pills didn’t let them go to REM sleep.可看出 [D]项正确。
        　　31.Why do people dream?
        　　【解析】[D]文中明确给出了答案Dreams give them time to find the answers to some of their problems.因为在梦中人可以找到自己的问题的答案。
        　　Passage Three
        　　O.K., everybody. Can we start the meeting now? I’m Jeff Milton, the chairperson of the Graduation Committee for this year. You’ve all been selected as representatives to plan the graduation ceremonies. I’m sending around the sheet of paper for you to fill in your name and telephone number. Also, please write down what part of the ceremonies you would like to work on. Remember, as a representative, you will have a lot of responsibilities. So only sign up if you feel you have the time to participate. When everyone has finished writing down the information, please return the paper to me. At our next meeting one week from today, we’ll start to discuss the details of the ceremonies.
        　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　32.Who is the speaker?
        　　【解析】[C]从文章开头说话者的自我介绍就可以知道他是这个委员会的主席。
        　　33.What is the purpose of the meeting?
        　　【解析】[D]在座的代表都是被选来计划毕业典礼的事。
        　　34.What should the students write on the paper?
        　　【解析】[A]在座的学生应该在表格上填写姓名、电话以及工作意向。
        　　35.When is the next meeting?
        　　【解析】[B]从这句话At our next meeting one week from today可知下次会议在下周召开。
       
            
            

enfour

        　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
        　　Section A
        　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
        　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
        　　Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.
        　　You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
        　　Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
        　　Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.
        　　Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
        　　Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
        　　[A] positive
        　　[B] additional
        　　[C] duration
        　　[D] effective
        　　[E] shed
        　　[F] physical
        　　[G] food
        　　[H] functions [I] participated
        　　[J] rely
        　　[K] cut
        　　[L] repeatedly
        　　[M] uses
        　　[N] little
        　　[O] obvious
        　　Section B
        　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
        　　Passage One
        　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
        　　There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
        　　For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
        　　A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."
        　　57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.
        　　[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment
        　　[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment
        　　58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.
        　　[A] wealthy [C] thrifty
        　　[B] wasteful [D] miserable
        　　59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.
        　　[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low
        　　[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.
        　　60. The last paragraph implies that ________.
        　　[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park
        　　[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what one
        　　really likes
        　　61. This passage mainly talks about ________.
        　　[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals
        　　[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goals
       
            
            

enone

        　　Passage Two
        　　Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.
        　　When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism."
        　　According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司的)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".
        　　The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
        　　62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
        　　[A] Take Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels
        　　[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling
        　　63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1, Pare.1) most probably means ________.
        　　[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living
        　　[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency
        　　64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?
        　　[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,000
        　　65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
        　　[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.
        　　[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.
        　　[C] The government has little interests in this project.
        　　[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.
        　　66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?
        　　[A] Objective. [C] Approving.
        　　[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.
        　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
        　　Section A
        　　47. E 该空需填入动词原形，结合原意“和大多数美国人一梯状，你(的体重)可能也有几磅需要________”可知，E(去除)最符合文意。
        　　48. F 结合常识和下文可知，F最符合文意。
        　　49. A 结合句意“令人惊奇的是，为了看到长期________效果你不必节食或常去健身馆”，可知空格处需填一形容词，初选后留下A、D。由于下文只是讲到运动会帮助减肥，但并未说明它的效果明显，所以此处宜选用意思上更宽泛的positive(正面的，有效的)。
        　　50. H 下文举例的breathing, blood circulation and digestion都是人体的基本功能，且其后的functioning已给出了提示，故H最符合文意。
        　　51. B 该空需填入形容词，结合常识和句意“任何时候只要你活动，你都需要________能量”来看选项，B(额外的)符合文意。
        　　52. C 该句句意为“采用这两种能量消耗来源中的哪一种取决于你活动的强度和________”，结合下文提到的...low to moderately intense and of long duration...可知C最符合文意。
        　　53. J 结合句意“(活动的)强度越低，身体越________于脂肪作为其燃料”，该空应填入能和on搭配的动词，J最符合文意。
        　　54. D 结合常识可知，有氧运动是最有效的减肥方式，选项中D最符合文意。
        　　55. L 该空需填入副词，选项中只有L和N可作副词，由下文提到的walking, running, swimming, dancing, and jumping等可推知在这些有氧运动中四肢的活动是反复的，故排除N。
        　　56. I 该空需填入动词的过去分词，结合句意“如果你已经________高强度、爆发性的运动，你会燃烧更多的脂肪”可知I最符合文意。
        　　Section B
        　　Passage One
        　　57. C 推断题。由文章第一段最后一句可知，由于我们每个人天生的能力和后天成长的环境不同，所以我们对成功的定义很泛，由此可以推断，作者认为能力和环境是获得成功的基本条件，故选C。
        　　58. C 语义题。结合文章第二段第二句中的poor shepherd(贫穷的牧羊人)和选项可以推断，C(节约的)正确，thrifty意为“节俭的，朴素的”;wealthy(富有的)，wasteful(浪费的)，miserable(悲惨的)均排除。
        　　59. D 细节题。文章第二段倒数第二句指出，有的人已经很富有了却认为自己不成功是因为他们是根据自己的目标判断成功与否的，所以D正确。
        　　60. D 推断题。文章最后一句指出，在没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，失败都不算真正的失败，由此推断，文章最后一段暗示，成功就是尽全力做自己喜欢的事情，所以D正确。
        　　61. A 主旨题。本文第一句是全文的主题句，即每个人对成功的定义都不同，在接下来的几段中作者从不同角度定义了成功，所以A正确。
        　　Passage Two
        　　62. A 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章讨论的是太空旅游业的可行性，所以A正确。其他三项均没有全面概括文章大意。
        　　63. C 语义题。文章第一段首句指出，“麦克开始倒立自己的太空旅行社时，他构想他的________将能把人造卫星送上地球轨道”。A(卖面包和黄油的生意)，B(生产面包和黄油的生意)，C(谋生生意)，D(旅游中介)四个选项中，C最符合题意。bread-and-butter意为“实用的，生计的”。
        　　64. C 细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，公司收取了130多份定金，费用是两小时98，000美元，所以C正确。
        　　65. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，太空旅行最大的困难是资金问题，美国政府对此没什么兴趣，所以C正确;A(计划的最大困难是生命维持系统问题)，B(开发此市场的企业家们有足够的资金)，D(首次航行在几年内就可实现)，均与原文不符，故排除。
        　　66. B 观点态度题。根据上下文可知，作者认为实现太空旅行还很遥远，而有人却已经开始制定规划了，作者的话语中(that galaxy far, far away)含有讽刺意味，所以B正确;A(客观的)，C(赞同的)、D(热衷的)均不正确。
       
            
            

enfive

        　　Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
        　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
        　　Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 , they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .
        　　These authorities 75 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 78 to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.
        　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols' code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 84 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
        　　67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively
        　　68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting0
        　　69. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until
        　　70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites
        　　71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions
        　　72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into
        　　73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree
        　　74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for
        　　75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact
        　　76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently
        　　77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading
        　　78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as
        　　79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually
        　　80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section
        　　81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded
        　　82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated
        　　83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock
        　　84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps
        　　85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as
        　　86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] To
        　　【参考答案】
        　　67. B 词义辨析题。subjectively意为“实质地”，substantially意为“充分地，很多地”，substitutively意为“可替代地”，subjectively意为“主观地”。本句的意思是“经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经________改变了。”选项B与句意最符。
        　　68. C 介词用法题。本句中的to是介词，应该接名词或动名词。结合其后and describing the reading process可知，应选C。
        　　69. A 词义辨析题。两个分句的谓语分别是agree和disagree，由此可知，这两个分句应为转折关系，故选A。
        　　70. A 词义辨析题。involve意为“卷入，包括”，take意为“拿走，获得”，reveal意为“显示，揭露”，invite意为“邀请”，结合句意“专家们认为阅读________更高的、更复杂的智力活动”，A最符合。
        　　71. D 词义辨析题。mental function意为“智力活动”，故选D。opinion意为“意见”，manner意为“行为”，effect意为“影响”，这三项与mental搭配均不符合句意，故排除。
        　　72. B 惯用搭配题。disagree about/on意为“对……有不同意见”，故选B。
        　　73. A 惯用搭配题。view...as是惯用搭配，意为“把……看做”，故选A。look是不及物动词，如需使用，应用look at。
        　　74. D 惯用搭配题。stand for意为“代表”，stand by意为“支持”，stand to意为“遵守”，stand off意为“疏远”，结合句意可知，D正确。
        　　75. B 词义辨析题。content意为“内容”，contend意为“争论，主张”，contemp意为“轻视”，contact意为“接触”，结合句意可知，B正确。
        　　76. A 词义辨析题。inexplicably意为“无法解释地”，inexpressibly意为“说不出地”，inextricably意为“解决不了地”，inexpediently意为“不明智地”，结合句意可知，A正确。
        　　77. A 词义辨析题。本句意为“一个孩子能读出声而不________所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。”故选A(了解，理解)。explain意为“解释”，真正的阅读并不需要去解释什么，而是要理解所读材料的意思。
        　　78. C 词义辨析题。some在句中指代与authorities持不同观点的人，空格与后面的to some共同构成插入语，according to为固定搭配，该插入语意为“根据有些人的观点”，故选C。
        　　79. D 词义辨析题。totally意为“完全地”，usually意为“通常”，mainly意为“大体地”，均不符合句意，排除。actually意为“实际上”，下一句对其进行了反向解释，即有阅读能力的许多成年人，并未全面读过一本书。言外之意，他们实际上不算读者，故选D。
        　　80. B 词义辨析题。part意为“部分，零件”，entirety意为“整体”，chapter意为“章”，section意为“部分，节”，in its entirety意为“整体地，全面地”，由此可知B正确。
        　　81. C 词义辨析题。be classified as意为“被划分，被分类到”，符合句意，故选C。
        　　82. C 词义辨析题。conclusive意为“确定的”，the most conclusive是其最高级，指最确定的，故选C。inclusive意为“包括的，包围的”，inclinable意为“倾向于，赞成的”，complicated意为“复杂的”，均不符合句意。
        　　83. D 词义辨析题。unlock意为“解开，破译”，符合句意，故选D。break意为“破裂”，elaborate意为“详细说明”，define意为“解释”，均不符合句意。
        　　84. A 词义辨析题。由句意“为了不同的________而对意思进行解释”，可知A正确。for various purposes意为“出于各种各样的原因”。
        　　85. C 词义辨析题。so用在do之后代表上文提到的具体动作，以避免重复，故选C。
        　　86. B 惯用搭配题。结合上下文可知，此处要做总结，四个选项中只有B能和short构成短语in short(总之)。
       
            
            

ensix

        　　Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
        　　【参考答案】
        　　87. since we introduced color photographs on the front page
        　　本句为现在完成时，再结合中文部分的内容可知，该部分应译成since引导的时间状语从句。为了强调此处的“采用”是从无到有的运用，应将其译成introduce，而不是单纯表示“运用”的use。
        　　88. more complicate animals developed from the simple animals
        　　本题的考点是“高等动物”和“低等动物”的译法，即complicated animals和simple animals。值得注意的是，某些中文表达在英语中很难找到相对应的单词，此时往往可以用词组将中文的含义表达出来。
        　　89. I'd like to order one fried egg and bacon
        　　外出吃饭时，点菜所用的动词可用order或have，此处为了避免与下句动词重复，用order更好。而在表示主观意愿的“想要”时，常用I'd like to来表示。
        　　90. because of the sweet taste and a variety of flavors
        　　本题的考点是“多种口味”的译法，可用a variety of，强调种类繁多。a lot of虽然也表示“很多的”，但指的只是数量上的多，意思不够贴切。
        　　91. Scientists will come up with
        　　本题的考点是“提出”的译法。此处“提出”的宾语是methods，故采用短语come up with表达此意。
        　　Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
        　　87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自从我们在头版上采用了彩色照片后).
        　　88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等动物是由低等动物发展而来的).
        　　89. _______________________(我要点一份煎蛋和熏肉), and my colleague will have two eggs on toast.
        　　90. Children love soft drinks, ________________________(因为它味道很甜而且有多种口味).
        　　91. ________________________(科学家们将会提出)new methods of increasing the world's food supply.