2011年12月英语四级模拟训练及答案（二）

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        　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　30. How many times was Franklin Roosevelt elected president?
        　　31. What was Franklin Roosevelt’s biggest achievement?
        　　32. When did President Roosevelt die?
        　　Passage Three
        　　Millions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.
        　　Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in 1767. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.
        　　There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food.
        　　The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls, or panels, that directly reflect the sun’s light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars.
        　　The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However, these cookers are hard to make. They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.
        　　Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
        　　33. Which of the following is NOT a function of solar ovens?
        　　34. What kind of oven is effective for slow cooking of a lot of food?
        　　35. Which is the best title for this passage?
       
            
            

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        　　Section C
        　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
        　　Some people’s ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It (36) traps dirt and other matter and keeps (37) insects out. Doctors think it might also help protect against (38) infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry. So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. There are two kinds of cerumen. Most people of (39) European or African ancestry have the “wet” kind: thick and (40) sticky. East Asians commonly have “dry” earwax.
        　　But you can’t have too much of a good thing. The glands in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax is normally (41) expelled; it falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can (42) harden and form a blockage that (43) interferes with sound waves and reduces hearing. (44) People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears — but only push the wax deeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.
        　　Experts suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. (45) They say the wax can be softened with mineral oil, or ear drops. Another way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. (46) Use a device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.
        　　Part IV Reading Comprehension
        　　(Reading in Depth)
        　　Section A
        　　47. D)。此处需要一个名词。此处讲的是摇滚主要植根于布鲁斯、节奏布鲁斯、乡村音乐、民歌、福音歌以及爵士乐。
        　　48. J)。此处需要一个形容词。参见上题解析可知，摇滚最终发展为现代的摇滚音乐。
        　　49. A)。此处需要一个动词。根据前面出现的两个词典给出的解释及后面的内容可以推断，这里是对摇滚进行定义。
        　　50. L)。此处需要一个副词。根据上下文可知，ALLwords.com与前两个词典的定义不同，它将摇滚定义为20世纪50年代的音乐而不是现代音乐。
        　　51. E)。此处需要一个副词。根据上下文可知，古典摇滚乐通常由如下乐器合奏：一两把电吉他;一个弦贝司或电贝司;一组架子鼓。
        　　52. G)。此处需要一个形容词。根据下文出现的1940s这个时间可知，这里讲的是20世纪40年代末期出现的最早的摇滚风格。
        　　53. M)。此处需要一个动词。根据下文“or supplemented by the guitar”可知，钢琴与萨克斯风这些早期主打乐器被20世纪50年代中后期的吉他所取代或补充。
       
            
            

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        　　54. C)。此处需要一个形容词。根据上下文可知，摇滚对社会产生的影响是独特的。
        　　55. H)。此处需要一个动词。此处讲的是，除了音乐风格，在电影及电视媒体里均可见摇滚对生活风格、流行、态度及语言的影响。
        　　56. B)。此处需要一个形容词。此处讲摇滚继续发展成各种不同的类型，一般都没有摇滚乐初期特有的强节奏基调。
        　　Section B
        　　Passage One
        　　57. A)。根据文章首段首句可知，去年升初中的小学生中大约有3万名学生数学水平只相当于7岁小孩的数学水平，也就是说这些小孩的数学能力很差。
        　　58. C)。根据第二段“In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject.”可知，2006年花在数学教育上的费用为23亿英镑。
        　　59. A)。第四段提到在十年的时间里为每所小学配备一名数学专家并加强对幼儿园数学游戏的重视，但重点主要是谈论花经费培训数学教师这件事。
        　　60. C)。最后一段Nick Gibb主要讲“英国政府在教育上花了钱却没有达到预期的效果，并因此而落后于其他国家;同时英国政府在数学教育上还在走一些老路，而这些老路已经被有较高数学教育水平的国家尝试并证明走不通。”言外之意即：英国应该吸取其他国家的经验教训。
        　　61. D)。这是一个主旨题，这篇文章指出了英国在数学教育方面存在的问题并给出了解决办法，文章围绕英国小学数学教育需要改进这一中心思想展开。
        　　Passage Two
        　　62. D)。参见第一段“They represent the new front of an international effort to help first-world consumers improve the living standards of the third-world farmers who grow much of their food.”一句可知，Fair Trade推出这一标准的目的是为了帮助第三世界国家的果农，让他们生产的香蕉更有竞争力、更有市场。
        　　63. A)。参见第二段“It guarantees higher prices for the farmers’ goods and helps them set up schools and health clinics.”一句可知，Fair Trade的作用是帮助农民把他们生产的农产品卖出个好价钱。
        　　64. B)。参见第三段“The Fair Trade movement took root in Europe in the 1990’s as a way of bolstering coffee farmers as prices were collapsing.”一句可知，Fair Trade成立于20世纪90年代的欧洲，它成立的最初目的是为了挽救种植咖啡的农民，因为当时咖啡的价格下跌得很厉害。
        　　65. C)。参见第四段“Not everyone is greeting the Fair Trade label with open arms.”一句可知，消费者可以有不同的选择，并不一定要买Fair Trade推荐的产品。
        　　66. A)。纵观全文，本文的目的是向读者推荐被Fair Trade认可并贴有Fair Trade Certified标签的香蕉，推荐香蕉的最终目的还是为了帮助生活在第三世界国家的香蕉种植者。
       
            
            

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        　　Part V Cloze
        　　67. B)。此处讲的是“经常洗手可以预防疾病”，其他三个选项的意思分别是“偶尔”、“有时”、“重复地”，这与原文要表述的意思不符。
        　　68. C)。根据后文的“food service workers”可知，餐饮服务者和医疗服务者是与人们日常接触比较密切的人群，因此可以判断，此处讲的是“大多数针对洗手的研究都集中于医疗服务者和餐饮服务者”。
        　　69. A)。根据后文的讲述可知，此处说的是“在家洗手”。
        　　70. B)。根据上文的stop infections from ...可以推断，此处讲的是“阻止传染病的传播”。
        　　71. D)。根据上下文的叙述可知，此处讲的是“一些研究表明：手是各种传染病的最主要传播途径”。
        　　72. C)。此处讲的是“研究表明许多人洗完手后，手上仍然残留有细菌”，suggest在此处不是“建议”的意思，而是“表明”的意思。
        　　73. D)。根据后文的baby可以推断此处讲的是“有一项研究探究了最近接种了脊髓灰质炎疫苗的婴儿家庭”。
        　　74. A)。根据上文的after vaccination可知，此处讲的是“儿童接种疫苗后，病毒会从婴儿粪便中排泄出去”。
        　　75. B)。此处意为“虽然疫苗中的病毒并不会带来健康风险，但是这项研究显示粪便中携带的病毒会在家中传播”。
        　　76. A)。参见上题解析，travel在此处有“传播”的意思。
        　　77. D)。此处讲的是“门把手和冲水马桶的手柄都是家中细菌的重要传染源”。
        　　78. C)。此处讲的是“正因为以上原因，人们要定期清洁这些地方;每次接触过这些地方后都要洗手”。
        　　79. A)。此处讲的是“针对病菌的传播，研究者安排了一项试验，他们让一名志愿者触摸了带有病毒的门把手”。
        　　80. C)。shake hands with sb.是固定搭配，意为“同某人握手”。
       
            
            

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        　　81. B)。根据上文的“The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key.”和下文的“wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food”可知，此处讲的是“显然，每次上厕所后要洗手，吃东西或拿食物前要洗手”。
        　　82. C)。根据后文的“a diaper”可知，此处讲的是“给孩子换过尿布之后要洗手”。
        　　83. D)。come into contact with ... 是固定搭配，意为“与……接触”。
        　　84. D)。此处讲的是“人们可能很难相信，像洗手这种简单的事情可以改善一个家庭的健康状况”。
        　　85. A)。trigger这个词用在此处很恰当，此处讲的是“SARS的爆发催生了广泛的公共和社区卫生保健措施的出台，其中包括常洗手”。
        　　86. C)。not only ... but also是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”，also可以省略，但是but不能省略。
        　　Part VI Translation
        　　87. resorted to force
        　　88. mainly due to stress and tension in their work
        　　89. focuses on planning and overseeing
        　　90. To the students’ disappointment
        　　91. it difficult to get a promotion