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九、倒装(Inversion)
倒装是语言中的一种强调手段，通常将正常语序中较晚出现的成分移至句首。倒装主要分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装
全部倒装又称主谓倒装，把整个谓语置于主语之前。这类倒装主要出现在如下句型中：
1. 句首为there, here, now, then, thus, out, in, up, away等副词，且主语是名词时。例如：
Here comes the bus.
Away went the car.
There, in the distance, stands a big tree.
First came the president and then his wife.
Equally inexplicable(难以理解的)was his behavior towards his son.
需要注意，上述句型中，如果主语为代词，主语和动词部分不倒装。如：
Away they went.
There he comes.
2. 句首为表示地点的介词词组时
这样的介词短语有：through …, before …, after …, in front of …, at the top of …, by …等。例如：
By his side sat a dog.
Below the mountain ran a little stream.
部分倒装
部分倒装常出现在以下几种情况中：
1. 句首为否定副词或带有否定意义的词组时
常见词(组)有：never, nowhere, no sooner (…than), not until, infrequently, little, rarely, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, not only, in no way, by no means, in / under no circumstances等。
Neither do we know how the universe bgan, or how it will end … if, indeed, it ends at all.
Never will anybody move without a force strong enough to covercome the resistance.
Never has my brother been abroad before.
Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.
2. only置于句首，修饰状语(从句)时
Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.
Only as the air bubbles out(排出)does the water fill the container.
3. 句首为表示方式及频度的副词时
Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
Well do I remember the day when it happened.
Often had I intended to speak of it.
4. 在以so (…that) 开头的句子中
So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recover.
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given more pay.
5. as引导的让步状语从句中
Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.
Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.
6. 在省略了if的虚拟条件句中
Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.
Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have been sunk.
Should the weather be wet, the meeting would not be held. |
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发表于 2016-7-11 19:49:34