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六级:语法小点――虚拟语气(II)

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发表于 2016-7-11 19:49:07 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式
  1)if 非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。
  在if非真实虚拟条件句中,主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式:
  假设类型 条件从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
  与现在事实相反 动词过去时(be 用 were) should(would,could,might) + 动词原形
  与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should(would,could, might)+ have + 过去分词
  与将来事实可能相反 动词过去时(should+动词原形,were to + 动词原形) should(would,could,might)+ 动词原形
  if there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
  假如没有引力,我们就不可能行走。
  i wouldn’t have known what these were for if i hadn’t been told.
  假如别人不告诉我,我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。
  2) 正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将were,had, should等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面。如果句中没有were,had或should时,既不能省略if,也不能倒装。例如:
  were i to meet him tomorrow (= if i were to met him tomorrow), i should ask him about it.
  要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。
  had i had the money last year (= if i had had the money last year), i would have bought the house.
  如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就买那所房子了。
  should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.
  假如锅炉出问题的话,自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。
  3) 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如:
  if i were you, i would have taken his advice.
  我要是你,我就采纳了他的建议。(从句指现在,主句指过去)
  if the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.
  如果气候更适宜一些,庄稼会长得更好。(从句指过去,主句指现在)
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