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英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此,
掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于硕士研究生入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的, 因为在硕士研究生入学考试中，英译汉文章的内容多以科普文章为主。在汉语中,
也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围,
因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。
对于英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法:1. 翻译成汉语的主动句。2. 译成汉语的被动语态。
2. 译成汉语的被动语态。
英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”,
“受到”等表示。例如:
例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by
Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in
outer space.
这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.
自然光或者“白光”实№上是由许多种颜色组成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number
of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is
pumped.
流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial
planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building
blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.
它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of
fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers
of science. (95年考题)
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at
the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which
is seen as the driving force. (95年考题)
政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any
case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate
of use.
石油的供应可能随时会被中断;不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。 |
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发表于 2016-7-9 23:19:25