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发表于 2016-7-11 20:27:58
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确定答案将是两者之一。
【例2】
M: Bill was a great guy. He was drowned while rescuing a child from the icy water of the river yesterday.
W: Well, as far as I know that was not the first dangerous situation he was in.
Q: Which of the following best describes Bill?
A) Robust. B) Brave. C) Generous. D) Dangerous.
答案为B)。此题为人物特征型题,要求考生在听懂整个对话后,选用一个词来综合概括和描述一个人的特征。从第一个人的话中,我们了解到Bill因在冰冷的水中救人而淹死,又从第二个人的话中的“dangerous”一词,我们可判断出B)为正确答案。毕竟,能敢于冒险的人不是勇敢又是什么呢?
【例3】
W: Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?
M: Not yet. I am still examining. I’ll let you know the result next week.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?
A) Husband and wife. B) Father and daughter.
C) Doctor and patient. D) Teacher and student.
答案为C)。在附录中我们列举了一些常见的关键词,在此题中亦有帮助:stomach、 examine是本题的关键词,抓住关键词,基本就可以判断出本题对话的双方是医生和病人的关系。
【例4】
W: Now, would you please fill out these customs forms for each package? Please state clearly the contents and value
of each, and the name and address of the returnee. Better in block letters.
M: There. I think I’ve filled out everything correctly.
Q: What’s the woman’s occupation?
A) Doctor. B) Clerk. C) Professor. D) Waitress.
答案为B)。本题的关键词包括fill out ... forms, customs, state the contents and value等。从以上的关键词中我们可以知道W是海关人员,所以其余选项皆不可能。
【例5】
M: May I ask the nature of your business, please?
W: I’m from the State Administration, and I need to talk with Mr. Jones about his building project on 20 Street.
Q: What is the man’s probable occupation?
A) Waiter. B) Secretary. C) Tailor. D) Professor.
本题略难,对话中男士的职业要从女士的回答中去推断,女士说她来找Mr. Jones是要与他谈在20号大街上的建筑项目,由此可知对话中的男士应该是Mr. Jones的同事或下属,只有B)符合
4.观点、态度与反应题型
观点、态度与反应题是指对话双方对某事或某人的观点和看法。有时这种观点和看法在对话中直接表达出来了,但绝大部分情况需要考生从说话人的语调、语气以及所使用的词汇、短语等方面来进行推理和判别的。这种题型的卷面特征通常表现在以下两个方面:
(1) 选项一般为完整的句子。
(2) 某一选项可能含有think, should, agree (disagree), share ... opinion , like (dislike), will等词。
其提问方式有:
What did the woman/man say about ...?
What’s the woman’s/man’s attitude towards / opinion about ...?
What does the woman/man mean/imply (by saying ...)?
What did the woman/man think of ...?
What does the man think the woman should do? 等等。
这类题由于说话者表达观点和看法的方式比较含蓄,不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息,而是需要考生听懂录音并利用逻辑思维来进行推理和判断,因此往往被认为较难(在托福听力中这种题居多,在近几年的六级考试题中亦多见)。为此,从卷面的角度考虑,我们建议采取以下策略:
(1)凡在选项中出现agree (disagree), share ... opinion , like (dislike)之类的词语的题是判断第二个说话的人是否同意第一个说话的人的观点的,在听的时候要重点注意第二个人所说的话,尤其是言外之意 。平时还要掌握表示赞同和反对的习语,如:
You can say it again.
I can’t agree more.
I’m not sure...
I doubt ...
I’d rather ...
(2)选项中出现should, ought to等词语的题,其答案多出现在第一个人说的话里,但是要随机应变。
例如,第一个人是女声,如果选项都是He should / the man should ...的话,则重点在女声的话中;而如果选项中出现的是She should ...的话,重点又在男声的话中了。
(3)对于选项中出现mean, think, will (表意愿)的题,通常有两种情况,其一是说话人用了虚拟语气来表达其愿望;其二是找一个借口(用but来引导)来拒绝对方的邀请、建议等。因此平时要对虚拟语气非常熟悉,考试时才能听得出来。
此外,对话者的语调也可提供重要的信息,但要求较高,此处不予推荐,读者如有兴趣,可参考有关书籍。
【例1】
W: Did you watch the game last night?
M: I wouldn’t have missed it for anything.
Q: Did the man watch the game last night?
A) No, he missed. B) Yes, he did.
C) No, he didn’t. D) Yes, he probably did.
本题的关键是M话中的虚拟语气。听出了这一点,即使对for anything (无论如何)不太理解,我们也知道他去看比赛了。故答案是(B)。
【例2】
M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new high school.
W: It’s about time they did it. I don’t know what took them so long.
Q: What’s the woman’s opinion about the school?
A) It’s too expensive. B) It isn’t needed.
C) It should be built. D) A college would be better.
答案为C)。如前所述,对于这种题要注意第二个人的话。本题要求考生根据W的话推断出她的态度和看法,有一定的难度。首先要对It’s about time they did it这句虚拟语气有正确的理解,意为他们该这么做了。其后的I don’t know what took them so long同样表明了她认为他们早该表决投入资金建学校了。It is ( about/high ) time 后面的that 从句要用虚拟语气(动词过去式)。
W: Some people know a lot more than they tell.
M: Unfortunately the reverse is also true.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) Some people pretend to know what they really don’t.
B) What the woman said is true.
C) What the woman said is wrong.
D) He knows more than the woman does.
答案为A)。由于对话极短,仅就对话内容而言,本题难度较大。考生不仅要理解W所说的话,同样要理解M说的the reverse is also true (相反的情况同样存在,即说的比懂的多,不懂装懂)。所以,他不仅肯定了W的话,还提出了自己的观点,这样,只选B)就不够准确了。
但从另一个角度来看,尚有捷径可寻。在四个选项中,B、C仅说W的话是对是错,显得过于空洞,不大可能是答案,因此猜对答案的概率应为50%;在A、B两项中,A比D长,相比之下,A的可能性大于D。
【例3】
M: It’s partly your own fault. You should never let in anyone like that unless you’re expecting him.
W: It’s all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door and says “electricity” or “gas” and you automatically
think he is OK, especially if he shows you a card.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man’s remark?
A) She thinks it is easier said than done.
B) She totally agrees with him.
C) She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.
D) She thinks that he is a rather impolite person.
答案为A)。与上题相反,这个对话偏长,干扰信息多,对考生会造成一些影响。本题的关键在于把握it’s all very well to say... but ...这个句型,这是表示不赞成、不满意的委婉说法,但并非完全否定。
当然本题也可完全从选项中进行判断。首先,在B、C两项中都出现表示极端说法的词totally,simply,通常的情况下都可予以排除。其次,四个选项中有三个(A、B、C)都表示对另一个人的观点的看法,只有D是对对方的人的看法的,故亦可排除。
【例4】
M: Isn’t that a new brand of typewriter you are working at?
W: Oh, Bill. This isn’t the first time you’ve asked me about it.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) The man is a forgetful person.
B) The typewriter is not new.
C) The man can have the typewriter later.
D) The man misunderstood her.
答案为A)。本题是一道间接回答的典型题。W并没有直接回答M的话,而是说:你已问了多次了。言外之意,是说M太健忘。捕捉言外之意是一项要求较高、难度较大的能力,它不仅要求具有扎实的语言基础与听的能力,还需要经过反复实践才能掌握。
5 原因与结果题型
原因与结果题与大多数其它类型的题所不同的是,听音前较难通过卷面线索判断出这一题属于原因与结果题,要想判断出正确答案就更困难了。
但是题型判断对于捕捉关键信息非常重要,考生应通过平时大量的训练和细致的分析争取尽快地抓住一些蛛丝马迹,作出准确的判断。这类题的卷面特征可概括如下:
(1)四个选项通常都是完整的陈述句;
(2)至少有一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果;通常有好几个选项的事实能导致同一结果;
(3)选项中可能出现can’t, not be able to, too(... to), have to等词或词组。
对于因果题,只要判断出题的类型就足够了,不宜浪费时间推测正确答案。
此外,因果题主要集中在原因上,而且一般由对话中的第二个人说出,因此应试时要格外注意第二个人说的话。提问通常以why、what reason等引导。
以下各例对考试中出现过的各种形式逐一分析。
【例1】
M: Mary, why isn’t Jane teaching here this term?
W: She can’t. She was fired.
Q: What reason was given for Jane’s not teaching?
A) She is tired of teaching. B) She was dismissed from her job.
C) She’s changing jobs. D) The school is too hot.
请读者结合本题,理解上面所讲的卷面特征。本题中的D显然没有道理,剩下的三个选项
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