2014年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题（九）

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　　Passage One
　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
　　A study of nearly 140,000 women in the U. S. showed that regular helpings of a small portion of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eating walnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.
　　The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this is thought to be one of the largest studies to fmd regularly snarling on them can help prevent the condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it's likely that the same benefits apply to men.
　　According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbers affected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four million by 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks, blindness and amputation (截肢). Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.
　　Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S. , tracked 137,893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Their dietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularly walnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one to three times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at least twice a week by 24 per cent.
　　In a report on the findings the researchers said: "These results suggest higher walnut consumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women: " Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids(脂肪酸)which have been shown to reduce inflammation (炎症) in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis(关节炎). Last year, experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties and thirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.
　　The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts can reduce people's risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios(开心果) demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index ( BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
　　56. According to the passage, what does "a global epidemic" ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) refer to?
　　A) A disease.
　　B) Type 2 diabetes.
　　C) Cancer.
　　D) Obesity.
　　57. According to the passage, the research published in the Journal of Nutrition
　　A) was carried out on male nurses.
　　B) is considered as the largest study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.
　　C) emphasizes walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.
　　D) is the first study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.
　　58. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
　　A) The number of diabetes patients in the UK will double by 2025.
　　B) Type 2 diabetes is mainly triggered by childhood overweight.
　　C) Diet and exercise may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
　　D) Type 2 diabetes will cause a significant increase of weight.
　　59. Which of the following is TRUE about the 137,893 nurses tracked by scientists at the Harvard?
　　A) Most of them are female.
　　B) Their eating habits were closely inspected for over ten years.
　　C) Their age is ranging from 35 to 77 years old.
　　D) They have about the same body fat and weight.
　　60. It has been proved that eating nuts can
　　A) lower people's body weight, BMI and waist circumference
　　B) reduce inflammation in the body
　　C) lower people's risk of heart disease, cancer and arthritis
        　　D) increase young men's sperm count and boost their fertility
            
            

entwo

        　　Passage Two
　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
　　There is plenty of complaints about how social media--texting in particular--may be harming children's social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM'ing)and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted( 内向的).
　　British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were "regular" or "extensive" IM'ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a full third messaging at least once every day.
　　The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM'ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress--not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out.
　　"Our findings suggest that IM'ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being," the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.
　　Why would digital communication trump human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may perceive as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity( 匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may prompt people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can "vent" emotions and provide a sense of relief--and doing so knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend may provide even more comfort and potentially be the rapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extraverts ( 内向的) did. As Susan Cain, author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World that Can't Stop Talking, wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers : the chance to connect--but in measured doses and from behind a screen.
　　61. What is the finding of the new study by British researchers?
　　A) Instant messaging will hinder children's social and intellectual development.
　　B) Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.
　　C) Two thirds of Amebean teens use instant messaging every day.
　　D) American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users.
　　62. What can be inferred from the results of the study?
　　A) Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed.
　　B) Instant messaging can help completely remove teens' negative emotions.
　　C) Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm.
　　D) Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions.
　　63. According to the authors of Computers in Human Behavior,
　　A) talking to strangers on the Internet can improve the mood
　　B) face-to-face talk can strengthen the bond between friends
　　C) people often feel closer to real-life friends than to net friends
　　D) teens feeling bad can benefit from talks via instant messaging
　　64. What does the digital communication enable users to do?
　　A) Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.
　　C) Share and discuss more information.
　　B) Produce more expressive writings.
　　D) Find more sympathetic friends.
　　65. What does Susan Cain say about introverts?
　　A) They do not reveal their thoughts to friends, family and colleagues.
　　B) They tend to feel more distressed about IM conversations than extraverts.
　　C) They are more skillful at the art of socializing than extraverts.
　　D) They at times desire to socialize or talk via social media.
            
            

enthree

        　　56．B)。由题干提示定位到第一段：A study of nearly l40，000 women in the U．S．showed that regular helpings of a small portion of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic．Women…were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes…Eating walnuts．．．can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter．
　　详解：语义理解题。本题考查有关a global epidemic的指代。由定位句“一项对美国近14万女性进行的研究表明，定期吃一小份坚果对于一种全球性的致命性流行病可以起到很强大的预防作用”可知，该段主题为吃核桃可减少患2型糖尿病的危险，由此可知这个致命性的全球流行病为2型糖尿病，故答案为B)。
　　57．C)。由题干中的Journal of Nutrition定位到第二段第一句：The latest findings，published in the Journal of Nutrition，are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts，with earlier research showing similar benefits．
　　详解：事实细节题。本题考查对刊登在《营养期刊》杂志上的最新研究的理解。定位句提到“刊登在《营养期刊》杂志上的最新研究发现并非是首次强调核桃对糖尿病有预防功效的研究，之前早就有研究表明核桃有类似功效”，C)“强调核桃对糖尿病有预防功效”中的emphasize对应原文的highlight，故为答案。该段最后一句指出“这项研究是针对女性护士们进行的……”，故排除A)“这项研究是对男性护士们进行的”；该段第二句指出“但该项研究被认为是所有研究中最大型的研究之一”，B)表述过于绝对化，故排除；D)“是首次对核桃有预防糖尿病功效的研究”与原文不符，故排除。
　　58．C)。根据题干提示定位到第三段最后一句：Being overweight，physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease．
　　详解：推理判断题。本题考查2型糖尿病的诱导原因。定位句提到“体重超重、不锻炼身体、不良饮食习惯是糖尿病的主要风险因素。”由此可推知，锻炼身体、良好的饮食习惯可降低患糖尿病的风险，故C)为答案。由该段首句可知，英国糖尿病患者的人数到2030年会翻番，故排除A)；B)“2型糖尿病主要是由少儿时期肥胖引起的”与文意不符，故排除；D)“2型糖尿病将会促使患者明显得增加体重”是对原文的曲解，故排除。
　　59．C)。由题干中的137，893 nurses和Harvard定位到第四段第一句：Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston，U．S．，tracked l37，893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 0ver a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes．
　　详解：事实细节题。本题考查哈佛公共卫生学院的科学家所追踪的护士的情况。由定位句可知“美国波士顿哈佛公共卫生学院的科学家们对l37，893名年龄从35岁到77岁的护士跟踪研究了十年，观察其中有多少人患2型糖尿病”，故C)为答案。第一段最后一句指出“该项研究的对象为女性”，故排除A)“她们大多数是女性”；B)“在十多年里，她们的饮食习惯受到了严格的监控”与原文不符，故排除；该段第三句指出“在考虑了身体脂肪和体重的这类情况后……”，由此可知，所跟踪护士的身体脂肪和体重并不一样，故排除D)。
　　60．A)。由题干中eating nuts定位到最后一段第一、二句：The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts Can reduce people’S risk of obesity．The study found that　those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios demonstrated a lower body weight，body　mass index(BMI)and waist circumference compared to non?consun2ers．
　　详解：事实细节题。本题考查吃各种坚果的益处。定位句指出“路易斯安那州州立大学的一项课题表明吃坚果可以降低人们肥胖的风险，在这之后便展开了相关的研究。经研究证明，那些吃各种坚果如杏仁、开心果的人与那些不吃坚果的人相比，体重相对较低、身体质量指数较低、腰围相对较细”，A)“降低人们的体重、身体质量指数、腰围”与原文表述一致，故为答案。B)“能缓解体内炎症”、C)“降低患心脏病、癌症和关节炎的危险”和D)“增加精子数量提高了男性生育能力”都是吃核桃的好处，故均排除。
            
            

enfour

        　　61．B)。由题干中的new study定位到原文第一段第二句：But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging(IM’ing)and texting among teens may also provide benefits，particularly for those who are introverted(内向的)．
　　详解：事实细节题。本题考查英国科学家的新发现。由定位句可知，有一项新的研究表明，经常性的即时通讯和短信交流也可能有正面效应，尤其是对于那些内向的青少年而言，故答案为B)。A)“即时通讯对孩子的社交能力和智力发展可能会造成伤害”，文章第一段提到，很多人抱怨社会媒体——尤其是短信，对孩子的社交能力和智力发展可能会造成伤害，但这不是科学家的新发现，故排除；C)“在美国，有2／3的青少年每天都使用即时信息服务”，文章第二段第二句提到，在美国，2／3的青少年经常性使用即时信息服务，并没有说是每天使用，故排除；D)“在美国，l4到18岁的青少年是‘大量’的即时通讯使用者”，文章第二段前两句提到，英国研究人员抽样调查的14到18岁的231位青少年都是“大量”的即时通讯使用者，但不代表美国所有14到l8岁的青少年都是如此，D)属于推断过度，故排除。
　　62．A)。由题干中的the results of the study定位到原文第三段第一、二句：The researchers analyzed l50 conversations in the study．and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior．In l00 of these chats，the study participant began IM'ing while in a negative emotional state such ills sadness，distress or anger．
　　详解：推理判断题。本题考查对最新研究结果的理解。由定位句可知，研究人员分析了l50条对话，并在《计算机在人类行为研究中的应用》杂志上发表了研究结果。其中100条对话显示，当研究对象处于悲伤、痛苦或愤怒等消极情绪中时，他们就开始用信息聊天，故答案为A)。B)“信息聊天可以完全消除青少年的消极情绪”，文章第三段最后一句指出，聊天后，大约20％的研究对象表明痛苦减少了——虽然不能完全消除，但是感觉比聊天之前好多了，B)与原文不符，故排除；c)“通过即时通讯来聊天可以让双方感觉良好或平静”，文章第三段第二、三句只是提到被调查者有些时候会在心情好或是心情一般时聊天，C)对原文理解错误，故排除；D)“即时通讯聊天可以帮助青少年控制他们的消极情绪”，文章第四段只提到，发现表明青少年与同伴之间通过即时通讯进行情感交流或许能安抚悲痛情绪，D)属于推断过度，故排除。
　　63．D)。由题干中的authors of Computers in human Behavior定位到原文第四段第一句：“our findings suggest that IM’ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well—bein9．”the authors write…
　　详解：推理判断题。本题主要考查对句意的理解。由定位句可知，研究表明青少年与同伴之间通过即时通讯进行情感交流或许能安抚悲痛情绪，因此有助于他们提高幸福感。也就是说，心情不好的青少年可以获益于即时通讯聊天，故本题答案为D)。A)“与陌生人网聊可以改善情绪”是先前的研究发现，与题干不符，故排除；B)“面对面交流会增进朋友问的友谊”，文章第四段最后一句提到，人们通过网络与现实生活中的朋友沟通也感觉比面对面谈话更亲近，无形中增进了他们的友谊，B)与原文的逻辑关系相反，故排除；C)“人们感觉现实中的朋友比网络中的朋友更亲近”文章中并没有提及，故排除。
　　64．A)。由题干中的digital communication和users定位到文章第五段第二句：The reasons are complex，but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may perceive as embarrassing or sources of discomfort．
　　详解： 事实细节题。本题考查电子通讯对人们交流的益处。由定位句可知，在电子通讯过程中，用户可以控制好悲伤及其他情绪的表达，因为即时通讯可以隐藏诸如眼泪等让人觉得尴尬或不适的情感元素，故本题答案为A)。B)“创作更多表达性的作品”文中并没有提及，故排除；c)“分享和讨论更多的内容”，文章第五段提到，研究还表明，在电子设备上匿名写作会使用户产生一种安全感，让人们敞开心扉去讨论他们最深入、最真实的感觉，这是匿名写作给人们交流带来的益处，对于题干来说，C)是片面的，故排除D)“找到更多有同情心的朋友”是对第五段末旬“你的文字如果让富有同情心的朋友看到了，他会给你更多的安慰”的错误理解，故排除。
　　65．D)。由题干中的Susan Cain和introverts定位到文章末段第二旬：But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone．
　　详解：事实细节题。本题考查苏珊·凯恩对内向者的即时通讯聊天的观点。由定位句可知，即使社交能力最强的内向者有时候也会渴望在社交或打电话时能应对自如，故本题答案为D)。A)“内向的人不喜欢向朋友、家人及同事交流自己的想法”文章中并没有提及，故排除；B)“与外向的人相比，内向的人使用即时通讯会感到更焦虑”，文章倒数第二段提到，研究同样发现，与外向的研究对象相比，内向的研究对象伤心时使用即时通讯聊天更能得到释放，B)的逻辑关系与原文相反，故排除；c)“与外向的人相比，内向的人更擅长社交”

         
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        　　时间：2014年6月14日
        　　主讲内容：2014年英语四六级真题及答案解析

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