2014年暑期大学英语四级阅读题型精选练习汇总

英语自学网

As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
　　Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
　　The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.
　　1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.
　　a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves
　　b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
　　c.they are travelling fast all the time
　　d.they are becoming busier with their work
　　2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.
　　a.not fearing stress
　　b.knowing the art of relaxation
　　c.high sense of responsibility
　　d.having control over performance
　　3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?
　　a.We can find some ways to avoid stress
　　b.Stress is always harmful to people
　　c.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.
　　d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress
　　4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.
　　a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"
　　b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"
　　c."responding to crises quickly"
　　d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"
　　5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.
　　a."expose ourselves to stress"
　　b."find ways to deal with stress"
　　c."remove stress from our lives"
　　d."established links between diseases and stress"
　　答案：dadbc
            
            

enfour

　　“With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention”，故选项D正确。 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
　　The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.
　　“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.
　　In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
　　1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____.
　　A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
　　B) the appropriate amount of external rewards
　　C) the study of relationship between actions and
　　D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance
　　2. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students?
　　A) They approve of external rewards.
　　B) They don't think external rewards.
　　C) They have doubts about external rewards.
　　D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students.
　　3. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?
　　A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them.
　　B) Always promise rewards.
　　C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging.
　　D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.
　　4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____.
　　A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’
　　B) punishment is more effective than rewarding
　　C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
　　D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency
　　5.Which of the following facts about “token economics” is not correct?
　　A) Students are assigned challenging tasks.
　　B) Rewards are given for good performances.
　　C) Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task.
　　D) With token economics, students’ creativity can be enhanced.
　　答案与解析：
　　1. D
　　2. C
　　3. A
　　4. B
　　5. C
            
            

enthree

　　When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
　　Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.
　　1. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____.
　　A) complain personally to the manager
　　B) threaten to take the matter to court
　　C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
　　D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
　　2. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?
　　A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.
　　B) Threaten to take the seller to court.
　　C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.
　　D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.
　　3. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?
　　A) Complain to the store manager in person.
　　B) Complain to the manufacturer.
　　C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.
　　D) Turn to the Consumers’ Rights Protection Organization for help.
　　4. The phrase “live up to” in this context means ____.
　　A) meet the standard of
　　B) realize the purpose of
　　C) fulfill the demands of
　　D) keep the promise of
　　5.The passage tells us ____.
　　A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item
　　B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
　　C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
　　D) how to deal with complaints from customers
　　答案与解析：
　　1. D
　　2. A
　　3. D
　　4. A
　　5. B