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科普：自然资源 295词
Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismograghs and tiltmeters. The former records any shaking of the earth: by means of calculations seismologist can accurately indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. The latter, as the name suggests, is used to record any changes in the title of the land.
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Earthquakes
B. The Cause of Earthquakes
C. Earthquakes and Their Damages
D. How to Predict Earthquakes
2. What kind of damages may not be resulted from an earthquake?
A. The collapse of buildings
B. A large number of deaths.
C. Vast amount of destruction
D. Landslides, tsunamis and major fires
3. In the last sentence of Para.2, the word “this” refer to ______.
A. the highest magnitude
B. major damage
C. date
D. the previous earthquake
4. According to the passage, the sequence before an earthquake is _______.
A. the breaking apart of rocks ― the production of pressure ― the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust ― and continental drift and the quake itself.
B. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift ― the breaking apart of rocks ― the production of pressure ― and the quake itself.
C. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift ― the production of pressure ― the breaking apart of rocks ― and the quake itself.
D. the production of pressure ― the breaking apart of rocks ― the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift ― and the quake itself.
5 What is the use of seismographs and tiltmeters?
A. To record signals of earthquake.
B. To prevent major earthquakes
C. To predict when, where and how an earthquake happens.
D. To lessen the suffering results of an earthquake.
◆◆难句突破◆◆
请翻译下面两句!
1 Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
分析：主句的表语those后面带有一个whose引导的定语从句
答案
发生6级以上的地震时一般都会造成重大破坏，但是当震中远离人口聚居区就例外了。
2 This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
分析：主句后面的第一个which引导定语从句修饰pressure,在这个定语从句中先行词which充当的是从句中内含的一个宾语从句的主语。这个定语从句中还包含另一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰reasons.
答案：
科学家认为，这些压力有多种成因，其中两个成因是地壳的拉伸和收缩以及大陆漂移
◆◆阅读题答案◆◆
ADBCA
◆◆解题思路◆◆
1 本文是介绍一篇介绍地震的说明文。整篇文章分别从地震的现象、强度、原因和预测几方面展开介绍，并没有格外强调哪一个方面。因此选A。
2 第一段中提到了地震会造成的危害：人口死亡、大规模的破坏。由倒数第2、3句可知，建筑物倒塌是大规模破坏的一种。山崩、海啸或火灾是地震引起的，但是这并不是破坏，而是地震引起的灾难，这些灾难可以造成破坏。选D
3 第二段提到，发生6级以上的地震时一般都会造成重大破坏。后面说当震中远离人口聚居区时就例外了。震中原理人口聚集区，就不会造成重大破坏，所以this指代的是6级以上地震能造成重大的破坏。
4 总结第三段可知，地壳的拉伸和收缩以及大陆漂移是引起压力的两个原因，而压力则导致了地表或地下岩石的破裂，从而引起了地震。
5 最后一段最后两句讲述了地震仪和地面倾斜测量仪的作用：纪录地球的震动和地面的倾斜。所以答案A，纪录地震的征召。后面三项都是对这些仪器获取的信息进行分析后科学家们能够发挥的作用，与题干要求不符合。
◆◆全文翻译◆◆
每年在世界各地，地震都会造成大量人口死亡和大规模的破坏。其中多数破坏性的地震要么发生在环太平洋的狭长地区，要么发生在从缅甸到欧洲的阿尔卑斯山这一线地区。这些破坏是由地震引起的山崩、海啸或者火灾引起的。
每年会发生大约一百万次地震。幸运的是，并不是所有的地震都具有破坏性。地震的强度是用里克特震级来测量的，级别从零级开始往上。目前未知，最高的震级纪录是8.9级。发生6级以上的地震时一般都会造成重大破坏，但是当震中远离人口聚居区就例外了。
地震产生的真正原因是地表或地下岩石的破裂。而破裂是由压力造成的。科学家认为，这些压力有多种成因，其中两个成因是地壳的拉伸和收缩以及大陆漂移。
为了减少由于地震引起的破坏并减轻其带来的灾害性后果，科学家们努力寻求能精确预测的方法。地震仪和地面倾斜测量仪器是当前为实现这个目标而投入使用的仪器中的其中两种。前者对地球的所有震动进行震动：地震学家通过计算就能准确预测出地震发生的时间、地点以及震级大小。后者，正如它的名字所表示的，是用来记录地面的倾斜度变化的。 |
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发表于 2016-7-11 18:38:37