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逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误 4.非谓语动词使用错误 5.主谓语前后不一致错误 6.名词的错误 7.代词使用错误 8.冠词的错误 9.句子结构的错误 10.时态语态和语气的使用错误 11.易混淆词的使用错误。
逻辑表达错误是由于某个词语使用不当而造成文章在语义上前后不一致或者矛盾的错误类型，具有难度大、不易发现的特点。这类错误往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有较强的语言综合应用能力的基础上方可解答。一般来说，逻辑表达错误包括两种类型。
第一种是反义词的使用错误，常见的这类错误有：
①派生反义词，如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等；
②互补性反义词，如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等；
③换位性反义词，如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等；
④相对性反义词，如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等；
⑤按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no.
第二种是连接词的使用错误，包括：
①并列连词，如：and，but，for，or等；
②主从连词，这类词较多，如：because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等；
③连接性副词，如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等；
④连接性介词，如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。
例1
Recently more and more attention has been focused
on the problem of preserving the environment.
The fact that a Government Ministry called the
Department of the Environment has been created
shows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1.__________
Many other countries have established similar organizations.
这段文章，所要表达的意思是：人们对环境问题的重视，并成立了环境部，从而意在说明环境这个问题是多么的重要。显而易见，该处的unimportant应该改为具有肯定意义的important.此处错误属于第一种，即反义词的使用错误。
例2
In our society all kinds of work are equally important.
For example, the work of a completely uneducated
farmer is in some sense more important than that of a
professor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. __________
have no food. This is a simple truth that everybody
believes. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. __________
rubbish away from our house, we would get terrible
diseases in our towns.
在这段文章，第一处要表达的意思是：农民的工作在某种程度上甚至比教授还重要，这是因为不受教育我们照样能活下去，但是没有食物我们却无法存活。因此应该将so改为but，这样才符合文章的逻辑。第二处错误，咋看似乎是一个让步从句，然而后文却毫无转折之意，其实它是一个条件式虚拟语句，应该将although改为if.这两处错误均属于逻辑表达错误中的第二种，即连接词使用错误。这类错误比较第一种错误来说，重在考查考生对英语语言的应用方面。
通过例题以及解答不难看出，逻辑错误主要是考查学生对整篇文章的理解，一般不容易第一眼便发现，只有我们读完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。
1 There are many arguments for and against television.
The poor quality of its program is often criticized and TV
commercials are also boring. So television is undoubtedly 1.__________
a great comfort to many lonely and elderly people.
2 The manager of a large office building had received
many complains about elevator service in the building,
but he engaged a group of engineers to study the situation 2.__________
and make recommendation for improvement.
3 We asked a lady, who replied that she thought
you could tell a well-mannered person by the way
they occupied the space around them――for example,
when such a person walks down a street he or she is
constantly unaware of others. Such people never 3.__________
bump into other people.
4 Until the very latest moment of his existence,
man has been bound the planet on which he
originated and developed. Now he has the capability
to leave that planet and move out into the universe to
those worlds which he has known previously only directly. 4.__________
5 One major decision which faces the American
students ready to begin higher education is the
choice of attending a large university or a small
college. The large university provides a wide range of
specialized departments as well as numerous courses
within such departments. The small college, therefore, 5.__________
generally provides a limited number of courses
and specializations but offers a better student-faculty
ratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students.
6 Music the Johnny has learned to appreciate as
unpleasant is just dull noise to Jimmy――and quite 6.__________
possible, vice versa.
7 We are learning, finally, that silence is a natural
resource and must be protected by law. It appears
that we all find company in sound, if we all 7.__________
demand a little quiet from time to time.
8 The farmer aroused at down or before it and
had much work to do, with his own muscles as his
chief source of power. He used axes, spades and 8.__________
other complicated tools.
9 Whether women who have started a career
will attain pay equality with men rests on at least
two factors. First, will most of them continue
part-time at their jobs after they have children? A 9.__________
break in their employment, or a decision to work
part-time, will slow their raises and promotions as
it would for men.
10 Whether true or not, the story illustrates the
problem with idioms. They are almost possible to 10.__________
understand from the meanings of the individual
words. And with English idioms, even the same
words may have different meanings. |
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发表于 2016-7-11 18:37:59