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第3课
倒装：倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。
谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。
谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。
全部倒装的五条原则：
1. There be句型(表示有);
2. 以There或now开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go;
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子;
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。
5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。
部分倒装的六条原则：
1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装;
nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装;
2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装;
3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;
系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。
being published 正在被出版; to be published 将要被出版。
此句恢复正常语序应为： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装;
常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 难得，不常;nowhere 哪里都不。
常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不; on no account 决不;
under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。
5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装)
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生; make up for 弥补，补偿; make-up tests 补考(缓考)。
6. 注意两个表达形式：come what may 无论发生什么情况; say what you will 畅所欲言。
-------------------------1991-06-------------------------
强调句式的补充内容：被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。
强调部分本为： it is what that prevents so many …
又因为句中有疑问词，应写为： what is it that prevents so ...
但强调句式在句中作宾语成分，故正确写法为： what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现; rather than + 动词原形;
平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步：
1 找出连接词，2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。
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51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形，不能加句子)。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考虑。
54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服战胜。
56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.
A rate B speed C pace D growth
pace 节奏; rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。
57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.
A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后，表示实在意思的词前面。
58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A having known B being known C knowing D known
know 没有现在分词;know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配：of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.
A a large enough coat B an enough large coat
C a large coat enough D a coat enough large
enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。
61. I always _B_ what I have said.
A get to B hold to C lead to D see to
本题所有选项中的to都是介词，其后加动词动名词的形式。
hold to 坚守，信守; see to 负责做，处理，照料(后面加的都是某件事情，不加人)
62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.
A when B then C than D until
no sooner … than 一…就…
63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A what B which C that D whose
evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实，后面都要带同位语从句，且从句用that引导。
64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to，太…而不能…]
A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to
65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.
A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable
guilty adj. 有罪的; be ashamed of 因…而羞愧(不好意思)的; miserable adj. 悲惨的。
66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.
A in B at C during D over
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式。要表达在某典礼(仪式)上用介词at。
at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。
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67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose
do you supposed 常做插入语。
68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管; as for 关于，至于]
A As for B Besides C Except D Despite
69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A have B has C having D to have
influence on 对…造成影响，很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。
70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself
hurt oneself 自残; be to + 动词原形，将要做某事;
-------------------------1993-06-------------------------
41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.
A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.
A and B but C or D an order
and 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成“那么(和)”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译：
1. 省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。
47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.
A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen
43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order
order n. 定购，订单; purchase n. 购买。
45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding
如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的，则时态要选择完成时态。
将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。
solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。
46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.
A take on B get on C put up D look up
take on 承担; take on responsibility 承担责任。
47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one
dinner n. 正餐(多指晚餐); supper n. 夜宵，晚餐; breakfast n. 早餐; lunch n. 午餐;
brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]
48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.
A inform B informs C informed D has informed
desire v. 要求，表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气， (should) + 动词原形。
其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require.
49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally
not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 vary vi. 变化。
vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。
29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A change B vary C alter D convert
individual n. 个人，个体; individualism n. 个人主义。
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44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A alter B shift C transfer D vary
50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.
A before B until C since D when
It + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。
54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A since B when C after D before
51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神]
A in B at C for D on
52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.
A retain B endure C maintain D survive
retain vt. 保持，保留; endure v. 忍受; maintain vt. 维持，保持，坚持认为;
survive vi. 生存; vt. 活过 … (宾语为某种灾难)。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。
前缀sur表示过 … ，外，超; vive 表示生活，强调活着。
54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.
A which is B which was C they have D it is
less … than句子前后要平衡结构。
55. In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.
A attend B attended C to attend D attending
far more than 远远多于，远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。
56. The French pianist [n. 钢琴师] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.
A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down
turn up 后面不加宾语表示出现，后面加宾语表示将声音调高，调大;
turn in + 宾语 上缴，交出; turn down 将声音调低，调小;拒绝;
refuse sb. 指直接的回绝; turn sb. down 则指委婉的拒绝;
turn out + 动词不定式 最终证明是，结果是。
57. Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A risen B arisen C raised D arrived
因本句未加宾语，估不应选不及物动词，可排除C项; arrive vi. 到达，抵达;
rise vi. 升起，升高(侧重指旗帜或太阳升起);数量的增高(侧重指水位、价位);
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太阳东升西落。
arise vi. 升起，升高，出现，发生(经常与抽象名词联用)。
69. A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.
A arise B rise C raise D arouse
33. Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.
A raised B aroused C arose D rose
58. He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.
A genuine B minimum C modest D generous
name after 以…的名字来命名。genuine adj. 真正的，货真价实的; genuine leather 真皮;
minimum adj. 最低的，最小的; modest adj. 谦虚谨慎的，适度的;
generous adj. 慷慨的，慷慨大方的(修饰贡献等用这个)。
59. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous.
A who B that C what D which
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which在这里是引导非限定性定语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句有2个特点：
1. which前面有逗号与其他句子分开。 2. which指的是前面整句话的内容。
as也可以引导非限定性定语从句，指的都是一句话的内容。
which指一句话的内容只能置于该句之后，而as既可以在后也可以在前。
67. _C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer.
A That B Which C As D It
60. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.
A gaps B intervals C length D distance
interval n. 间隔(即可指空间间隔，也可指时间间隔)，四级考试中专考时间间隔的概念。
interval是固定与介词at搭配的。
23. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.
A gaps B rate C length D intervals
at regular rate 以规则的速度; at regular interval 以规则的时间间隔;
61. Mr. Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.
A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given
64. Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.
A destroy B resist C assume D cancel
65. She is _C_ a musician than her brother.
A much of B much as C more of D more as
be of 具有某种性质、品质或特点;
66. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.
A service B sentence C crime D crisis
sentence n. 判决，判刑; crisis n. 危机; economic crisis 经济危机;
68. The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes
当给出了句子的主语，且后面有两部分谓语动词，这两部分谓语动词之间又没有连接词，
时态也不同时，离主语近的谓语动词应为从句的组合成分。
69. You can't afford to let the situation get worse. You must take _D_ to put it right.
A decisions B directions C sides D steps
take steps 采取措施，采取行动; take measures 采取措施;
70. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _B_ your advice.
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed
if only 如果，要是...就好了，其后面的句子一定要用虚拟语气。
1. 如果if only后面的句子表示与现在或将来的事实相反，这时谓语动词用一般过去时体现虚拟语气。
2. 如果if only后面的句子表示与过去的事实相反，这时谓语动词用过去完成时体现虚拟语气。
47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible
A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve
如果if only后面的句子表示与现在或将来的事实相反，这时谓语动词用一般过去时，
也可以用would + 动词原形。
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-------------------------1995-06-------------------------
42. Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined
escape + 动名词。
44. It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.
A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started
recommend vt. 推荐，建议，后面加句子要用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式：(should) + 动词原形
45. I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept
wish 后面的句子要用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用：情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。
might经常被翻译成或许。
46. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him.
A had telephoned B must have telephoned
C would telephone D would have telephoned
otherwise, or等表示“否则”的词，后面句子都要用虚拟语气。
48. While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.
A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced
49. An Olympic Marathon [马拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大约] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典].
A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is
50. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent.
A there B them C where D which
介词 + which + 动词不定式(to do sth.) 整体做定语。
本句可改写为：You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.
只要见到有介词出现在空格之前，而选项中有which, them, there, where等词则应选which。
51. As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss.
A many B most C much D more
当many没有修饰任何其他词而单独出现时表示很多人。 much在这里相当于many things。
52. _A_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A Until B Before C From D Since
until recently 直到最近; not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。
53. The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.
A within B towards C under D upon
under threat 受到威胁。
55. In some countries, _D_ is called "equality" [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A which B one C that D what
that可以引导主语从句，但只做引导词而不充当任何成分。
56. I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now.
A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg
英语中一个名词修饰另外一个名词时第一个名词要用单数。 apple trees, eye drops
57. Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information.
A are the most three common means B are the three most common means
C are the most common three means D are three the most common means
几个词修饰一个名词时修饰词的顺序应为：1. 定冠词the应该放在最前面(离名词最远)的位置;
2. 数词应放在第二位;3. 最后考虑其他形容词。
58. Liquids are like solids _C_ they have a definite volume.
A with that B for that C in that D at that
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三个与that的搭配的表达形式：now that, in that [因为], except that。
59. When a fire _C_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.
A broke off B broke down C broke out D broke up
break out (火灾、战争)突然发生，爆发;
60. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _D_. [make up for 弥补]
A stand up to B put up with C come up with D make up for
61. Then the speaker _B_ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.
A went after B went into C went for D went on
go after 追求，设法得到; go into 谈论，叙述; go for 袭击/支持; go on 继续。
62. The students was just about to _C_ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer
A arrive at B submit to C give up D work out
63. When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _B_.
A hand B reach C hold D place
out of reach 够不着; within reach 够得找。
64. The _D_ of blood always makes him feel sick.
A form B look C view D sight
form n. 形式，形状; view n. 风景，景色/视野，视域; look 指的是主观有意识的看;
sight n. 看见，瞥见(不强调主客观)。
66. Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _B_ sickness
A normal B ordinary C average D regular
sickness of mind 精神病; normal adj. 正常的; average adj. 平均的，中等水平的;
regular adj. 有规律的，规则的; ordinary sickness 一般性疾病。
68. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _C_ to his confusion.
A extended B amounted C added [add to 增加] D turned
70. It took him several months to ___ the wild horse.
A tend B cultivate C tame D breed
tame vt. 驯服; breed 强调的是繁殖，侧重指大批量的繁殖。
It take sb. sometime to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
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发表于 2016-7-11 17:51:41