例3 The speech______, a lively discussion started. A)being delivered B)was delivered C) be deliveredD)having been delivered
(答案D Band 4,1995.1)
当独立主格结构中的名词或主格代词是分词表示的动作的承受者时,用分词的被动形式。
例4 All flights_____because of the snow -storm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A) were canceled B)having been canceled C)had been canceled D) have been canceled
(答案BBand 4,1999.1)
2)名词或主格代词+过去分词
例5 All things_____,the planed trip will have to be called off.
A)be consideredB)considered C)consideringD)having considered
(答案BBand 4,1998.6)
3)名词或主格代词+动词不定式
例6 If the building project______by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.
A)to be complete B)is completed C)being completedD)complete
例11 The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience____on benches,chairs or boxes. A) having seated B)seating C)seatedD)having been seated
(答案C Band 4,2000.1)
例12 I can’t write,with you looking over my shoulder.(因为你趴在我肩上看,所以我没法写。)
例13 Without a word more spoken,they went away.(他们没有再多说一句话,就走开了。)
例14 I told him everything,and he stood and listened,like a figure cut in stone.(我把一切情况都告诉了他,他呆若木鸡,站在那儿倾听。)
例15 On the news being announced,she got so excited that she cried in the public.(听到那个消息,她激动得在大庭广众之下哭了起来。)
例18 He sat there silently,his head bending.(他坐在那里一言不发,低着头。)
例19 All people compared,he is the person fit to go there.(所有人比较一下,他最适合去那儿。)
例20 With him gone,I can work better.(他走了,我能更好地工作。)
显然,以上三例中,句子主语与分词独立主格结构的逻辑主语各不相同。但分词短语在句中的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致,换言之,分词短语的逻辑主语就是句中谓语动词的主语。试看: 例21 Driving along an almost deserted country road, they run out of gas.(驱车行驶在几近荒凉的乡村道路上,他们的汽油耗尽了。)
例22 Given more practice,the students could have made still greater progress.(假以更多的实践,这些学生取得的进步会更大。)