一、信息视觉化和现实化训练
这种训练是针对大脑对意像语料的敏感性而设计的,旨在训练译员通过将信息内容现实化、视觉化来记忆信息的能力。比如听到以下一段内容:
I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and – poof! – I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The park was filled with people talking on their cell phones. They were passing other people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pet their puppies. Evidently, the untethered electronic voice is preferable to human contact.
听到这一段生动形象的描述之后,译员便可在头脑中勾画这样一副图景:自己正与一位朋友在公园中散步、闲谈。突然,谈话被朋友的手机打断。然后放眼四周,发现到处是只顾自己拿着手机讲话而无暇互相交流的人们。译员就这样通过现实化、形象化的方法将一篇复杂的描写转化成生活中一个再熟悉不过的镜头摄入了头脑。然后,译员再用译语将眼前的这幅图景按照自己的方式描述出来即可。这样不仅记忆深刻、全面,而且译员也不会陷入机械的“找词翻译”的误区。
二、逻辑分层记忆训练
通常,人们能较好地识记逻辑层次清晰、结构紧凑的篇章,我们不妨从一些条理清晰的篇章入手,锻炼自己的逻辑思维和整理识记的能力。在逻辑分析和记忆能力都有所提高之后再逐渐降低待识记信息的条理性和逻辑性,以提高自己对逻辑层次一般甚至较差的普通讲话的适应能力,并最终能将逻辑思维能力作为一种“半自动化”的技能加以掌握,即在听到一段讲话后能够“本能”地对其进行逻辑层次的分析并加以记忆。