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四六级听力简短对话题型归类及应试策略

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发表于 2016-7-11 17:28:04 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (一)数字与计算题
          “数字与计算”是早年大学英语四级统考中的听力测试的最常考项目之一,
          常见的计算题包括时间、价格、年龄、距离、速度等。出题形式可分为计
          算型、辨认型和替换型。以加减计算题为主。
          相关词汇与表达:more, less , late , early, fast , slow , ahead
          of schedule , delay, postpone , decrease , bring forward, times,
          twice , double , a quarter, a half , the day before yesterday , by
          noon, half an hour
          「例一」
          A ) $1.40 B) $4.30 C) $6.40 D) $8.60
          W : Here is a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight ‘
          s show, please.
          M : Sure. Two tickets and here ‘s a dollar forty cents change.
          Q : How much does one ticket cost?
          「例二」
          A ) 5:10. B ) 5:00. C ) 4:30. D ) 5:15.
          M : I wonder if Sue will be here by five o ‘clock.
          W : Her husband said she left home at half past four. She should
          be here at ten after five
          and a quarter past five at the latest.
          Q : What time did Sue leave home ?(2001.6/7)
          (二)职业、身份和相互关系题
          这种类型的题目相对比较简单。首先,四个选择往往是4 种不同职业或者是
          表示两个对话者之间关系的词。如husband and wife, boss and secretary ,
          librarian and student 或customer and repairman等。选择项的特点决定了提
          问的内容。了解这一点后,在听音过程中,就可以把注意力集中到一些关键词或
          词组上,以便作出准确判断。其次,提问的方式比较单一固定。
          1 、常见的提问方式是:
          What‘s the man/ woman?
          What does the man/ woman do ?
          What‘s the man ’s /woman‘s job/ profession/ occupation ?
          What‘s the probable relationship between the man and woman ?
          What‘s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
          在听音过程中,只需集中注意力听清对话,根据对话提供的有效信息,便可
          以比较快地作出正确选择。
          2 、相关词汇和表达:
          1 、营业员与顾客(shop assistant and customer )
          What can I do for you ? / on sale/ Can I help you? / out of style/
          ready-made/ receipt/ check-out stand/ size/ color/ fit/ look round
          2 、饭店服务员与顾客(waiter/ waitress and customer )
          menu/ seasoning/ order/ treat/ go Dutch/ steak/ ham/ bill/ Dutch Treat/reserve/
          make a reservation
          3 、图书管理员与学生( librarian and student)
          borrow/ renew/ library card/ library catalogue/ loan desk/ due/ overdue/
          fine/ finish reading
          4 、医生与病人( doctor and patient )
          What‘s wrong ?/ What seems to be the symptom?/ What’s the matter?
          / indigestion/ stomache/ be operated on/ give an injection/ chest
          pain/ feel worn out
          5 、教师与学生( teacher and student)
          tuition/ registration/ required course/ compulsory course/ optional
          course/ elective course/ drop out/ quit school/ credits/ attendance/pass
          course
          6 、空姐与乘客(airhostess and passenger)
          take off/ board/ fasten seatbelt/ land/ depart/ departure time /extinguish
          cigarettes
          7 、老板与秘书( boss and secretary )
          copy/ make arrangement/ break down/ inform
          「例一」
          A ) Husband and wife. B) Father and daughter
          C ) Doctor and patient. D) Teacher and student.
          W : Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?
          M : Not yet. I ‘m still examining. I’ll let you know the result
          next week.
          Q : What ‘s the probable relationship between the man and the woman?
          「例二」
          A ) A railway porter. B) A taxi driver.
          C ) A bus conductor. D ) A postal clerk.
          W : Excuse me, Sir, I‘m going to send this parcel to London. What
          ’s the postage for it?
          M : Let me see. It ‘s one pound and fifty.
          Q : Who is the woman most probably speaking to ?
          「例三」
          A ) Colleagues. C) Employer and employee.
          B ) Husband and wife. D) Mother and son.
          W : John , what are you doing on your computer? Don‘t you remember
          your promise?
          M : This is not a game. It ‘s only a cross word puzzle that helps
          increase my vocabulary.
          Q : What is the probable relationship between the speakers ?(2003.1)
            
            
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发表于 2016-7-11 17:36:05 | 显示全部楼层

          (三)因果关系题
          提高这类测试题的应试能力,考生必须学会分析选择项。根据选择项特征确
          定测试的具体类型。即该题是就原因提问还是就结果进行提高;同时根据选择项
          中的主语、人称代词的性质明确听音的重点,即是集中注意力听男声部分还是女
          士的谈话。就原因提问的测试题,其选择项特点较为明显,通常都由because 引
          导。但也不不少含蓄型的题目。这类测试题的选择项没有because ,不过,只要
          认真分析一下选择项的谓语部分也能加以确定。
          「例一」
          A ) He must meet his teacher. B) He must attend a class.
          C ) He must go out with his girlfriend. D) He must stay at school
          to finish his homework.
          W : John , do you want to go swimming with me today ?
          M : Sure , but I can‘t leave now. I have an appointment with my
          professor at three o’clock.
          Q : Why can‘t John go swimming now?
          「例二」
          A ) He doesn ‘t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.
          B ) He doesn ‘t think he is capable of doing the job.
          C ) He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.
          D ) He wants to spend more time with his family.
          W : If I were you, I would have accepted the job.
          M : I turned down the offer because it would mean frequent business
          trips away from my
          family.
          Q : why didn ‘t the man accept the job?(2000.6/8)
          (四)地点与场所题
          地点与场所类的题目主要要求考生判断对话发生的地点,或判断对话中某一
          方要去的地方,以及判断第三者所在的位置等。这类测试通常比较简单,提问的
          方式比较单一,选择项特点明显,一般四个选择项都是表示地点状语的介词短语。
          1 、常见的提问方式是:
          Where does the conversation most probably take place?
          Where are the two speakers now?
          Where do you think this conversation most probably take place ?
          Where is the man/ woman going ?
          Where is Mary now ?
          2 、相关词汇和表达:
          Hotel : room service , double room; reservation, front desk ,
          bathroom reception, single room
          Restaurant: menu , steak, order, salad, soft drink , dessert,
          soup, go Dutch , beef , mutton , reservation
          Library : borrow , over-due , lend , fine , renew, catalogue,
          due , shelf, volumn
          Post office : mail , parcel , airmail, registered letter, post
          ,postage
          Store : size , fashion, color, cash , department , counter,
          check out , on sale, of the same price. bargain
          Bank: open an account, draw on one‘s account , cash a check ,
          current account , fixed deposit
          Hospital: fever, pills, cough, tablet , headache , take medicine,
          stomachache , temperature, prescribe
          School: Bachelor ‘s degree, Master ’s degree, Doctor ‘s degree,
          dormitory , semester , required course, elective/ optional course,
          credit, exam.
          Plane : flight , seat belt, take off , land , extinguish cigarettes,
          boarding.
          「例一」
          A ) At home. B ) At the riverside.
          C ) At the health center. D) At his office.
          M : Hello, this is John Hopkins at the Riverside Health center.
          I ‘d like to speak to Mr. Jones.
          W : I‘m sorry , Mr. Hopkins, my husband isn ’t at home. But I
          can give you his office phone number. He won‘t be back until 6 o ’clock.
          Q : Where does Mrs. Jones think her husband is now ?
          「例二」
          A ) In a bank. B ) In a school.
          C ) In a clothing store. D ) In a barbershop.
          W : You seem very confident about the job interview, don‘t you ?
          M : Yes, I feel ready for it. I bought a good suit in the clothing
          store. I had my hair cut. I have studied almost everything about finance
          and economics.
          Q : Where is the man probably going to work?(2002.1)
            
            
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发表于 2016-7-11 17:57:01 | 显示全部楼层

          「例三」
          A ) At a booking office. B ) In a Hong Kong hotel.
          C ) On a busy street. D) At an airport.
          W : Can I help you , Sir?
          M : Yes. Can you show me the way to gate 9 for flight 901 to Hong
          Kong? I‘m quite confused here.
          Q : Where does the conversation most probably take place ?(2001.1)
          (五)态度与反应题
          涉及的主要是对话中男女双方对某人某事的看法。主要测试考生分析判断能力。四个选择项都有比较明显的特点,即选择项中往往出现表示人的情感或态度的动词或形容词等。如:be afraid , think, believe, feel , like 等。
          另外,在选择项中常会出现表明人的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词,如:
          excited ,bored 等。有时也会出现描述事物性质的词,如: big, small, cheap,等。
          常见的提问方式有:
          What does the man/ woman think of …?
          What‘s their opinion of…?
          How did the man /woman feel about …?
          How did the man / woman feel?
          值得提醒的是,听力测试中还有一种特殊现象。对话中的另一方(第二个说
          话的人)并不直接说出自己的看法,而是用also, too, neither, either ,
          so, the same 来表明自己的态度。在这种情况下,就必须听清第一个人的讲话
          并准确理解其态度,只有这样才能作出正确选择。
          「例一」
          A ) On the whole , she liked the film.
          B ) She didn ‘t see the film.
          C ) The film was very exciting.
          D ) The film wasn‘t as good as she’d expected.
          M : Did you like the film?
          W : Not particularly. I was rather disappointed. I ‘d expected it to be much more exciting
          Q : What can we learn from this conversation ?
          「例二」
          A ) He wishes to have more courses like it.
          B ) He finds it hard to follow the teacher.
          C ) He wishes the teacher would talk more.
          D ) He doesn ‘t like the teacher’s accent.
          W : You took an optional course this semester, didn ‘t you ? How
          is it going ?
          M : Terrible ! It seems like the more the professor talks , the
          less I understand.
          Q : How did the man feel about the course?(2002.6)
          「例三」
          A ) The man went to the concert,but the woman didn't .
          B ) The woman went to the concert,but the man didn't .
          C ) The speakers did not go to the concert.
          D ) Both speakers went to the concert.
          M : You didn ‘t go to the concert last night either , did you?
          W : No , I had a slight headache.
          Q : What can we learn from this conversation ?(1991.6/4)
          (六)肯定与否定题
          听力测试题有很多对话常通过某种否定形式来表示肯定含义,或是利用肯定
          形式表示否定意义。其目的是考查学生的快速反应能力和基础知识掌握的程度。
          1 、常见的以否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有:
          cannot wait+不定式或can hardly wait+不定式(急于…,迫切希望…);
          cannot与much(或too , enough , sufficiently , over ,构成的合成词)
          连用(无论怎么也不为过);cannot help doing (禁不住做…);cannot
          but do(不得不,必然);cannot help but do(不得不);have no choice/
          alternative but to do (除做…外别无选择,非做…不可);nothing but
          (只有,只不过)
          ;另外,还可以通过各种比较结构来表示肯定含义,最常用的有:nothing
          less than (和…一模一样,完全是);more A than B (与其说是B ,不如说
          是A 或是A 而不是B );less A than B (与其说是A ,不如说是B 或是B 而不
          是A )
          ;not so much A as B(是B 而不是A );A not so…as B(A 比B …),
          表达的正好是原结构中形容词或副词的反义。
          2 、常见的以肯定表示否定的意义的有:
          anything but(根本不);used to (过去常常,是对现在的情况的否定,
          说明现在已不这样做);too …to…(太…以致不…,这一结构的不定式表示否
          定意义);prefer…to…(该短语否定的是介词短语部分,表示“不喜欢或不会
          做”等);would rather…than(宁愿…而不,这一结构否定的是than后的动词,
          would …rather than 与其用法相同。)
            
            
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发表于 2016-7-11 18:10:46 | 显示全部楼层

          「例一」
          A ) She is going to give up biology.
          B ) She spends half of her time on biology.
          C ) To her , biology is difficult , but math is not.
          D ) To her , math is even more difficult than biology.
          M : What do you think of biology ?
          W : It ‘s given me a hard time, though it is not as difficult as
          math.
          Q : What can we learn about the woman?
          「例二」
          A ) She is eager to know what the present is.
          B ) She is not anxious to know what it is.
          C ) She doesn‘t now what she is asked to wait for.
          D ) She really doesn ‘t care about the present.
          M : What did your parents buy you for your birthday?
          W : I don‘t know. But I can hardly wait to see it.
          Q : What does the woman mean ?
          (七)计划与行动题
          行动类题是四级听力测试中最常见的题型之一。题量较大。
          1 、某人计划或打算做什么。选择项常以动词原形或动词不定式形式出现;
          也有以句子形式出现的选择项,这类选择项的谓语部分常出现will,be going或
          be to.解题时,应首先根据选择项确定提问的对象,即男士还是女士计划或准备
          去做某事,这样听音时就可以集中注意力去听相关部分,尤其是谓语动词。
          「例题」
          A ) Look for a more expensive hotel.
          B ) Go to another hotel by bus.
          C ) Try to find a quiet place.
          D ) Take a walk around the city.
          W : I don‘t think we can find a better hotel around here at this
          time.
          M : Let‘s walk a little further to see if there is another one.
          I just can’t bear the traffic noise here.
          Q : What will the speakers most probably do?
          2 、某人正在做什么。选择项通常是动词的-ing形式。有时也会出现句子,
          但其谓语动词都是进行时的形式。这类测试题的提问方式比较单一,一般都是What
          ‘s the man/ woman doing now?或What are they doing now ?这种类型的测
          试往往比较简单,只要集中注意力听清对话中的谓语动词基本都能作出正确的判
          断。
          「例题」
          A ) Looking for a young lady.
          B ) Looking for her wrist watch.
          C ) Looking for a young gentleman.
          D ) Looking for a man wearing a wrist watch.
          W : Excuse me, sir, but have you seen a young gentleman looking
          for his wrist watch ?
          M : A young man, Madam?
          Q : What ‘s the woman doing ?
          3 、某人提出去做什么。这类测试中,对话中的一方针对另一方提出的要求
          或建议,主动提供帮助。试题的选择项通常为动词原形或动词不定式。解题时,
          通常要集中注意力听清楚对话中第二个人的谈话,特别是谓语动词。
          「例题」
          A ) Go out to work. B) Listen carefully to John.
          C ) Be calm and patient. D ) Do the easiest thing.
          W : I‘m really angry at John. He never listens to me.
          M : Take it easy , Alan. Things will work out.
          Q : What does the man advise Alan to do?
          (八)推理判断题
          推理判断是英语四级听力测试中最常见的题型之一,难度较大。因为说话人
          表达思想的方法比较含蓄,不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息,这就要求考生
          利用语音语调和逻辑推理的思维过程来判断对话的内在含义,领会说话人的真实
          意图。听力理解不但要听懂具体的话语,而且要能听懂隐含的意义,能判断讲话
          人的意图等。
          这类题型在近几年的考试中题量大,而且有增加的趋势。
          「例一」
          A ) Jane is looking for a summer job. B) Jane is packing for the
          summer vacation.
          C ) Jane is on her way home. D ) Jane is eager to go home for the
          vacation.
          M : Is Jane looking forward to going home for the summer ?
          W : She is counting the days.
          Q : What does the woman imply?(1999.6/7)
          「例二」
          A ) Go on with the game
          B ) Draw pictures on the computer.
          C ) Review his lessons.
          D ) Have a good rest.
          W : Mark is playing computer game.
          M : Should he do that when the final exam is drawing near?
          Q : What does the man think Mark should do ?(2002.6)
          「例三」
          A ) The exam was easier than the previous one.
          B ) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.
          C ) Joe probably failed in the exam.
          D ) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.
          W : Listen to me , Joe. The exam is already a thing of the past.
          Just forget about it.
          M : That ‘s easier said than done.
          Q : What can we infer from the conversation?(2003.1)
          「例四」
          A ) The man is usually the last to hand in his test paper.
          B ) The man has made a mess of his midterm exam.
          C ) The man has bad study habits.
          D ) The man is a diligent student.
          M : I‘m exhausted. I stayed up the whole night studying for my midterm
          math exam.
          W : But why do you always wait until the last minute ?
          Q : What does the woman imply?(2004.1)
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