2012年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题与参考译文

英语自学网

　　2012年5月
        　　【英译汉】
        　　Passage 1：The New York Times: Translation as Literary Ambassador
        　　http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/books/08translate.html
        　　The runaway success of Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that
when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least
willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions,
in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in
the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.
        　　Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American
aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But
now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market —
about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the
margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the
publishing fray in the United States.
        　　Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages
like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural
institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English,
underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in
the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques
they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the
publishing industry.
        　　“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment
to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York
branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the
Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large,
literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we
recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that
literature present in the United States.”
        　　For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in
Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated
works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official
groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book,
“Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp
memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has
been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but
still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.
        　　Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and
Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four
books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country
is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the
United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.
            
            

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        　　Passage 2：The New York Times: Argentina Hopes for a Big Payoff in Its Shale
Oil Field Discovery
        　　http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/business/global/05shale.html
        　　Just east of Argentina’s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca
Muerta — “dead cow” in English — has finally come to life.
        　　In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150
million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández
de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something
that could give new impetus to the country’s long-stagnant economy.
        　　“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said
Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF’s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The
important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new
expectations.”
        　　Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta
is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over
the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil
from shale and other tightly packed rocks.
        　　Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale
fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little
seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from
thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be
retrieved.
        　　Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern
Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil
found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina’s
reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the
late 1980s.
        　　Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina,
long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only
100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other
oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.
        　　So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina
and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just
beginning for horizontal drilling.
        　　Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in
the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in
the near future.
            
            

enfive

        　　Section 2 Chinese-English Translation(汉译英)(50 points)
        　　Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
        　　Passage 1：《******在金砖国家领导人第三次会晤时的讲话》(2011年4月15日)
        　　和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
        　　我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
        　　我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
        　　我们应该营造支持各国根据本国国情实现和平、稳定、繁荣的国际环境。应该本着求同存异的原则，尊重各国主权和选择发展道路和发展模式的权利，尊重文明多样性，在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。
        　　【参考译文】
        　　Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development.
The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and
world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the
relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy
has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. The World Bank
statistics show that none of the countries persistently under violent conflict
has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To maintain world peace
and stability so that the people can live a happy and prosperous life is the
primary responsibility for governments and leaders of all countries.
            
            

ensix

        　　We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring
into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council
in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful
settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
        　　All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal
members of the international community. We should work for common security in a
spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal
affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and
international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by
all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation,
and promote democracy in international relations.
        　　We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of
countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their
national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and
their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the
principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should
respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual
learning and drawing on each other's strength.
        　　Passage 2：《北京周报》： 2011年第47期 11月24日出版
        　　1882年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮，这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史，当时使用的电灯就是白炽灯，这一用就是130年，中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国。
        　　早在1996年，中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”，中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升，经过多年努力，中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高，一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。
        　　中国节能灯的全球市场占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。
            
            

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        　　二级笔译实务英译汉部分解析：
        　　[Passage 1]
        　　英译汉第一篇选自《纽约时报》2010/12/08/，原文标题为：Translation as Literary Ambassador
翻译扮演文学大使的角色
        　　二级实务英译汉部分仍然是节选《纽约时报》的文章。然而此次所选的语篇出现的翻译考点要比以往命题更加专业化，从译法上有了明确的要求。第一篇的主题讲述了非英语国家的文学作品被翻译成英文版后在美国出版发行的难度以及出版商为之而做出的不懈努力。
        　　1. The runaway success of Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests
that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at
least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction.
        　　大获成功的斯蒂格·拉森的“千禧年”三部曲表明,当谈到当代文学翻译时,美国人至少愿意读斯堪的纳维亚的侦探小说。
        　　点评：该句中的“runaway”修饰success是我们的考生很少见过的搭配，需要考生在词典中仔细查阅相关的含义与之匹配。
        　　2. But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book
market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those
on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging
into the publishing fray in the United States.
        　　但是眼下,为了增加自己狭小的美国图书市场份额——大约3%——外国政府和基金会,特别是那些位于欧洲边缘的,正在逐渐将出版的命运把握在自己手中并投身到与美国出版界的竞争中。
        　　点评：该句中are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the
publishing fray in the United
States要求考生正确理解后，将文中的主题植入要译的句子，采用増词法来翻译。另外，“fray”一词的含义也要把握准确，如将其译成“争吵或辩论”的含义就与该文缺乏逻辑关系了。
        　　3. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies
are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of
translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting
to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously
shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.
        　　从罗马尼亚到加泰罗尼亚再到冰岛，文化机构和代理机构不断地资助出版英文书籍、承揽对翻译工作者的培训,鼓励他们的作家去美国巡游,将即将出版的书提交到美国市场营销并使用他们可能先前避而不用的促销手段,充分利用出版业现有的缝隙市场加以运作。
        　　点评：该句中的exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry
较为难译，主要是“niches”一词的理解要正确，它表示“缝隙”或“狭小的空间”。在此文中代表了美国出版行业的那3%的外国文学翻译作品的市场份额，因此译为“缝隙市场”。
        　　4. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always
be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is
the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the
United States.”
        　　“对欧洲国家而言,无论其大小,文学将永远是其文化存在的一个关键因素,而且我们认识到,这是能够使我们的文学作品在美国拥有一席之地的唯一方法。”
        　　点评：该句中be they small or large应理解为一个让步状语从句。后面的语句we are going to be able to
make that literature present in the United
States中“present”一词是个形容词，作literature的宾语补足语，但译成汉语时若将其译成拥有一席之地就改变了其词性，结果更加符合汉语的表达习惯。
        　　5. Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and
Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four
books yearly for six years.
        　　达尔基也开始或者即将开始类似的系列丛书的出版，该系列丛书以希伯来语和加泰罗尼亚语创作。这一系列中的最后一套书包括每年出版四本，总计六年，该套丛书将与瑞士和墨西哥合作。
        　　点评：该句中the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six
years在理解上有一个难点：yearly为每年，for six
years为长达六年，两个时间状语似乎有些矛盾。但仔细推敲，你会发现该句想表达这样一个信息：最后的一个系列丛书将包括每年出版四本，总出版年限为六年，也就是说，在这六年中，每年将出版四本。
            
            

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        　　[Passage 2]
        　　英译汉的第二篇节选自《纽约时报》/2011/07/05/，原文标题为：Argentina Hopes for a Big Payoff in Its
Shale Oil Field Discovery阿根廷希望从页岩油田发现中获得大回报
        　　本篇文章的主题介绍了阿根廷发现了页岩油田并开始了钻井前的勘探工作，同时也说明了全球石油开采的状况。
        　　1. President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television
to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the
country’s long-stagnant economy.
        　　总统克里斯蒂娜•费尔南德斯•德基什内尔兴致冲冲地来到国家电视台来表彰这一发现，声称这一发现可以为该国长期停滞的经济注入新的活力。
        　　点评：该句的难点在于praise the discovery as something that
…采用拆分法来翻译，就可以使句子读起来非常通顺，否则会译得非常啰嗦。
        　　2. Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca
Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies
over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract
oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.
        　　虽然存在一些重大的开发障碍,但地质学家们认为,
随着石油行业使用先进的技术从页岩和其他密集的岩石中不断提取石油，瓦卡姆尔塔油田预示着一个在未来20年内全球石油供应规模主要扩大的可能性。
        　　点评：此句中the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger
of的“harbinger”是名词，但需要转换词性才能将该句译得通顺。
        　　3. Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale
in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not
in the near future.
        　　一些专家警告说, 在美国快速推进的页岩石油生产也不能保证在国外出现类似的成功案例,至少在不久的将来不会出现。
        　　点评：该句中is no guarantee of也同样要求使用词性转换译法来翻译。
        　　二级笔译实务汉译英部分解析：
        　　[Passage 1]
        　　汉译英的第一篇节选自《胡锦涛在金砖国家领导人第三次会晤时的讲话》(2011年4月15日)
        　　二级汉译英中的多数语句都是我们平时翻译课上讲解并练习过的。相信我们的学员对这篇文章中出现的语汇并不陌生。
        　　1. 和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。
        　　Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development.
/Peace and stability serve as the prerequisite and bedrock of development.
        　　点评：考察汉语中“是”字的译法，这一点我们在前面的三级笔译汉译英的讲解中已提到。
        　　2. 上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。
        　　Last century witnessed two world wars during which man suffered untold
miseries and the world economic and social development underwent severe
setbacks.
        　　点评：该句的句型结构与三级的第一个句子结构相同，见上文。
        　　3. 我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全
        　　All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal
members of the international community. We should work for common security in a
spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress.
        　　点评：该句与第一篇二级笔译的英译汉文中的一个句式结构相似：“不论大小，强弱，贫富”，可以按照让步状语从句的特色句式译成：All countries,
be they large or small, weak or strong, rich or poor, should enjoy equal footing
in the international community. 我们在汉译英的讲解中曾经练习过类似的句子：大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。Equal
are the generous gifts blessed by nature to all human individuals, be they rich
or poor.
        　　4. 尊重文明多样性，在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。
        　　And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common
progress through mutual learning and drawing on each other's strength.
        　　点评：该句中“取长补短”的译法是一个要点，汉语中很多表达法习惯与正反同步式，而英语中的表达习惯是或正，或反式，因此，翻译该成语切勿译成：draw on
each other’s strength and make up each other’s weakness。我们在培训中强调的成语译法，如：有增无减 be
on the constant increase,而不能译成：increase without decrease。
            
            

enthree

        　　[Passage 2]
        　　北京周报 2011年第47期 11月24日出版
        　　该篇文章略带一点文学色彩，要想把它译好，的确需要在选词方面多花一些时间，但总体而言语言表达的难度不大。
        　　1. 1882年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮，这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史，中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国。
        　　The year 1992 marked China’s first lamp in Shanghai, which enabled China to
bid its farewell to oil lamps and candles/which put a gradual end to China’s use
of oil lamps and candles, thus making China one of the big producers and
consumers of incandescent bulbs.
        　　点评：该句如前所述，如法炮制，句型结构相同。在“告别了。。。的历史”一句中可以适当考虑增加一点色彩。如：…which gradually bid
its farewell to oil lamps and candles. 但注意：不要将“历史”译出来，否则就会出现Chinglish.
我们讲过，在汉语中的“历史”二字，在英语中是否使用history，要看其前后的搭配。比如，“据史料记载”，应译成：It is recorded
that…/According to records。在英语中并不存在it is historically recorded that…/according
to historical
records这样的表达方式。我们在课上特别推荐大家使用的日本语言研究社出版的《英语搭配大词典》的作用就在于此。在汉译英的学习过程中通过该词典的频繁使用就会逐渐摆脱汉化英语Chinglish。
        　　2. 中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升。
        　　The implementation of China’s green lighting program has given an impetus
to the optimization of the lighting industrial structure and to the integral
upgrading of the quality of the product.
        　　点评：该句中“优化”，“提升”以及“推动”是要点。英语书面语表达的一个特点是词汇与词汇之间的固定搭配the optimization of
…structure/upgrading of…quality以及复合谓语动词的使用，即，动词+名词+介词共同形成谓语部分：give an impetus to
…
        　　3. 一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。
        　　Some enterprises have already led the world with their superior quality and
workmanship.
        　　点评：该句中“质量”，“水平”与动词“达到”在英语中就不是正常的搭配关系，根据日本语言研究社的《英语搭配大辞典》，我们可以找到相关的合理组合，亦即上面的参考译文，以“企业”作主语，“达到”作谓语，“水平”作宾语，“质量”与“工艺”作方式状语(介词短语)。我们在讲课中曾讲过这样的句子：中国人民非常钦佩美国人民的开拓精神。The
Chinese people appreciate the Americans for their pioneering spirit.而不要译成：The
Chinese people appreciate the pioneering spirit of the American.
        　　全国新东方英语课程搜索

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