新东方：2013秋季中级口译笔试阅读答案解析（上）

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  【新东方课程简介】 东方口译课程规划：口译名师指导
        Question 1-5
        Many are surprised to learn that Antarctica is nearly twice the size of the United States. The name Antarctica was coined to mean "opposite to the Arctic," and it is just that in many ways besides its geographic position. Antarctica is a high, ice-covered landmass, whereas the Arctic landmasses are grouped around the ice-covered Arctic Ocean.
        开篇第一句话点名全文主题“Antarctica”南极洲，并与“Arctic”北极圈进行对比，通过面积、地理、地域特点等进行描述介绍，文章属说明文范畴。
        Largely because of this primary difference, the climates of the two regions are very different. Antarctica is the coldest area in the world, on the average about 30 degrees colder than the Arctic. At the South Pole, nearly 10,000 feet in elevation, monthly mean temperatures range from -13°F in the summer to -80° in the winter. Only in coastal regions do temperatures occasionally rise above freezing in the summer (December to March). In contrast, near the North Pole monthly mean temperatures often rise above freezing.
        第二段划线首句为主题句，交代段落大意，南极与北极气温特点差异显著，通过大量温度数据进行论证。
        At both poles, daily temperatures may drop far below the monthly means. At American South Pole Station, winter temperatures occasionally fall below -100 degrees F. Elsewhere, on higher parts of the south polar  plateau, even lower temperatures are recorded. At Vostok Station (U.S.S.R.), a temperature of -127°F was measured in August 1960, the world's record low temperature.
        第三段首句为段落主题句，表明两极气候有相同之处，即降温幅度极大，同样以数字佐证。
        Partly because of this climatic difference, the land animal and plant populations of the two regions differ greatly. On the continent of Antarctica very little plant life exists, whereas in the Arctic it exists in abundance. In some of the few ice-free areas of Antarctica, mosses, lichens, or algae can be found.  These are quite different from their northern counterparts. Penguins, the large but flightless· birds that populate Antarctic coastlines, do not exist in the Arctic, whereas land  animals of the Arctic-foxes, bears, reindeer, lemmings-are unknown in the Antarctic. As recorded by fossils in the old sedimentary rock layers, this "oppositeness" between north and south extends far back into the early chapters of Earth history.
        第四段划线首句为主题句，气候差异导致南北两极动植物的分布迥异。南极大陆植物稀缺，而北极植物丰沛，“abundance”丰富一词再次出现，属于中口高频词汇。
        Ice is the overwhelming feature of Antarctica. More than 4.5 million square miles of ice sheet cover the continent. Great rivers of ice, called glaciers, push down the mountain valleys. Shelves of ice surround the continent and stick out into the sea. Antarctica is the storehouse of about 85 percent of the total world supply of ice.
        此段主题句仍属第一句，冰雪是南极最为明显的特点。后文通过冰雪覆盖面、河流冰川等例子佐证主题句南极为冰天雪地之所。
        The icecap is very thick, averaging between 7,000 and 8,000 feet.  At one particular point, scientists have found the distance from the surface to the rock underneath the ice to be more than 13,000 feet.
        此段为例子断，通过科学家论述来证明上一段主题，即南极为冰雪覆盖，可略读。
        If this great volume of ice were to melt, the volume of the world oceans would increase, and sea level would rise, and there would be a threat to coastal areas. Extreme atmospheric changes would have to take place for this to happen.
        最后一段深化主旨，由于两极冰雪容量庞大，一旦气候变暖将引起可怖后果，呼吁全球关注此类问题。
       
        开题解析：
        第一题为细节题，考温度细节。
        第二题为细节题，考核南极地域特色。
        第三题为细节题，但需多段搜寻。
        第四题细节题，考核最后一段的理解。
        第五题为主旨题。
            
            

entwo

       
       
        6-10
        The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that for thousands of years, food was always eaten cold and raw. Early peoples who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun to cook their food. For example, in the desert areas o the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by placing it on a flat stone in the hot sun. They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this fashion.
        本文出自中口阅读教程一书，考原文，主题为饮食之趣。开篇讲述远古时期熟食的起源以引发读者兴趣。
        The Bible tells us that the Jews were skilled cooks. The Book of Genesis, for instance, relates the story of Rebecca, who put food in a pan and placed it over burning charcoal. The Jews also knew the art of baking at an early point in their history. Carvings left by the ancient Jews show dough being put into a small round oven to be baked.
        第二段时间推移至圣经时代，认为犹太人为烹饪的好手，并大量引用圣经故事进行阐述。
        In the troubled times of the Middle Ages, trade between countries dwindled. People lived on what they could grow in their gardens or bring back from the hunt, and the food they ate was simply prepared. Beans and turnips were the main vegetables eaten in Europe, and honey was used to sweeten food. The manuscripts of the Middle Ages tell us that boiling and broiling were the two most common methods of cooking. Bread was baked in the homes of rich people or in public bakeries, but the common man had no oven in his home. People killed their livestock, hoping to preserve it through the winter by salting it. However, salt was expensive and people did not always use enough of it to keep the meat from spoiling.
        该段时间再次推进至中世纪，由于商业萎靡，人们开始自己种植、打猎以求果腹，而煮烤食物成为主流。
        It was not until the nineteenth century that the masses of people in Europe changed their ways of cooking. This change took place because the cast-iron cooking stove was invented.  Until the stove came into use, fireplaces and spits had been in general use; sometimes a baking oven had been built into the sides of the fireplace. In northern Europe, stoves had been used for several centuries for heating. However, it was a long time before a stove was developed that would cook and bake, as well as heating. However, it was a long time before a stove was developed that would cook and bake, as well as heat.
        第四段时间发展为十九世纪，欧洲大部分人民改变烹饪方式，运用各类工具，如烤箱、火炉、烤叉等等，并开始学会烘焙等新型做菜方法。
        Our methods of cooking have not changed very much in the last century, but we do have better equipment that makes cooking easier and more convenient. With modern standardized measures, we can follow recipes exactly and produce successful dishes more often.
        最后一段交代本世纪的烹饪发展，未有太多变化，但设备不断更新完善，相信食谱也将会做出更多美味。
       
        全文以时间为顺序，串联古今，介绍了西方烹饪的发展史。
       
        第一题为细节题，考炎热国度的子民如何做菜。
        第二题为细节题，考察烘焙起源。
        第三题为细节题，考菜式做法。
        第四题为细节题，考19世纪菜式进步。
        第五题为主旨题，观察最后一段主旨。
            
            

entwo

       
       
        11-15
        I want this new school year to be a good one for my students as they learn about everything from calculus to Shakespeare to failure. That's right. Failure.
        开篇采用顿降法，在最后引入主旨“failure”失败，作者希望新的一学期中学生能学会“失败”。
        We all need to fail a little. In fact, the secret of success, might just be that. Consider the path of Henry David Thoreau. By many accounts, Thoreau was a failure. Folks thought he should have been a civic leader. He could have been a doctor, a lawyer, a teacher. He might even have made congressman or governor. Instead, the Harvard man seemed to spend most of his time loafing in the woods near his hometown over near Walden Pond. Everyone just scratched their heads and wondered why such a promising young fellow wasn't a "success." I'm not suggesting that my students drop classes for the woods, but it's important to remember that ideas on success vary, even in these enlightened times.
        第二段首句为主题句，表明成功的秘密便是学会失败。后文以梭罗几经更换职业，积累人生阅历后写出瓦尔登湖一文为例，证明失败有助于使人成长。
        The lessons of failure are an important part of the curriculum of success. We learn from them. They push us to do better; they teach us humility. As teacher, I expect students to revise their work, to build on the "failure" of the first draft to achieve clarity and insight in the final draft. That's a good model for most things in life.
        第三段首句为主题句，失败是成功的必修课之一。作为老师，作者希望学生能从失败中获得领悟。
        Part of the problem, though, is that we live in a country obsessed by results. In school it is the A student who gets all the perks even though getting an A doesn't always measure how much a person really knows. A's are icons of honor. F's are badges of defeat. We idealize icons and look up to heroes such as George Washington or John Glenn. Yet we shouldn't discount the heroes who labor outside the limelight. Those are the men and women who quietly go about the business of raising a family and taking care of their neighbors.
        第四段指出，社会过于重视结果，导致人们不愿意失败，并以大量例子佐证，例子可略看。
        The most admirable are ones who invent their own success. They know how to seize the moment and let the chips fall where they may. They know that the best way to measure success is by living each day to the fullest. True success is giving something back. And you don't have to have a lot in the wallet to attain it. There are many people, young and old, who give back by serving in literacy campaigns and soup kitchens. As my father used to say: "Make sure you leave the world a better place than it was when you entered it. At least clean up after yourself."
        第五段为对第四段的反思及建议，最值得人敬佩的人是亲手创造成功之人。惜取时光、为世界添砖加瓦之人最值得钦佩。
            
            

enfive

       
        The beginning of the school year is a good time to start reorienting ourselves. It's a good time to see our failures in a new light.
        回归主题，新学期新开始，正对失败，展望未来。
        After Thoreau died in 1862, his mentor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, lamented that Henry hadn't blossomed into a great leader of the nation. His books were little read, his ideas seemed skewed. And yet, less than 100 years later, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. pointed to Thoreau's essay "Civil Disobedience" as one of the sparks that ignited the civil rights movement and profoundly shaped American society.
        最后为鼓励，哪怕一时沉寂，终将有人慧眼识英才，相应全篇主旨，呼吁学生正对失败，领悟失败，利用失败。
        Not a bad legacy for a failure.
　　出自“Tom O'Malley is an adjunct professor at Canisius College, in Buffalo, N.Y. He also teaches high school English.”
　　第一题为主旨题，考梭罗在文章中的作用。
　　第二题为细节题，考梭罗年轻时的情景。
　　第三题为主旨题，考作者宣扬的主旨及欣赏的人物。
　　第四题为主旨题，考作者作为教师对学生的希望。
　　第五题为细节题，考民权运动内容。
　　16-20
　　第四篇文章内容为金融经济类，乃中口阅读的重点考察版块。
　　第一段开篇名义，讲述工作职业与家庭生活之间的平衡关系，主题句为第一句。并以百思买“best buy”为例子佐证。
　　第二段主题句为第一句，表明弹性工作时间正越来越受到女性员工的欢迎。“flexible work hours”一词为中口高频词，多次出现，需注意。
　　第三段介绍百思买提倡以成果为核心的工作理念，并引入公司。
　　第四段描述这项计划的丰硕成果。
　　第五段描述计划的弊端，并非适用于每一个员工，有利有弊。
　　第六段为例子段，讲述百思买员工切身体验，可略读。
　　第七段为引深内容，讲述实验背后体现的社会矛盾，重点阅读，为主旨所在。
　　最后一段拉伸为美国现状，从小见大，从百思买走向美国现实，立意拔高，重点阅读。
　　21-25
　　第五篇仍然为金融经济类话题，主题为正确的商业名称。
　　第一段第一句开篇名义，揭示全文主旨，正确的商业名称至关重要，谬误将会导致不良效果。
　　第二段为例子段，大量例子论证无知的名称随处可见，错误比比皆是，并阐释错误产生的后果，可略读。
　　第三段开头第一个单词为“but”，转折词为重点词汇，需仔细关注。因此第三段转换切入点，指出非同寻常的名字并非总是带来好运或提高效率，并通例子进行论证。
　　第四段为第三段的进一步解释，讲述名字太古怪，可能引起的不良联想或其他负面印象。
　　最后一段指出文化差异可能也会引起错起名称，需谨慎对待。
         
        新东方部分热报课程推荐：
       

班级编码	班级名称	开结课日期	上课时间	上课地点
ZYK106A/B	上海中级口译口试强化走读班 （限报25人）	2013-10-1至2013-10-6	(具体以课表为准)每天8:00-10:00,10:15-12:15	杨浦国定路校区306教(国定路309号)
ZYKCC002	上海中级口译口试冲刺走读班（限报50人）	2013-10-13至2013-10-13	(具体以课表为准)每天8:00-10:00,10:15-12:15,13:45-15:45,16:00-18:00	徐汇广元西路校区203室(广元西路187号)
GYK076	上海高级口译口试强化走读班 （十一班,限报25人）	2013-10-2至2013-10-7	(具体以课表为准)每天8:00-10:00,10:15-12:15	徐汇番禺路校区三楼303室(番禺路900号)
GYK077	上海高级口译口试强化走读班 （限报25人）	2013-10-13至2013-10-27	(具体以课表为准)每周日8:00-10:00,10:15-12:15,13:45-15:45,16:00-18:00	浦东八佰伴校区6教(南泉北路1029号中电大厦五楼)

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