2011年上海口译考试高级口译笔试（全真试题+答案）

英语自学网

　　SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST
        　　(30 minutes)
        　　Part A: Spot Dictation
        　　Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
        　　Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here.
        　　Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8).
        　　Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise!
        　　Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14).
        　　With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living.
        　　Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).
        　　Part B: Listening Comprehension
        　　Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
        　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
        　　1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.
        　　(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.
        　　(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.
        　　(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.
        　　2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.
        　　(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the “oldest old” people.
        　　(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.
        　　(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.
        　　3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.
        　　(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.
        　　(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.
        　　(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.
        　　4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.
        　　(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.
        　　(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.
        　　(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.
        　　5. (A) Work hard.
        　　(B) Stay busy.
        　　(C) Stick to a balanced diet.
        　　(D) Always find something to laugh about.
       
            
            

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        　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
        　　6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.
        　　(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.
        　　(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.
        　　(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.
        　　7. (A) Taking bribes.
        　　(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.
        　　(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.
        　　(D) Offering cash for political favors.
        　　8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.
        　　(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.
        　　(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.
        　　(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.
        　　9. (A) 6 to 7.
        　　(B) 8 to 10.
        　　(C) 11 to 16.
        　　(D) 17 to 25.
        　　10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.
        　　(B) Fighting organized crime.
        　　(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.
        　　(D) Surveying the threats to national security.
        　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
        　　11. (A) A wine taster.
        　　(B) A master water taster.
        　　(C) The host of the show.
        　　(D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.
        　　12. (A) Berkeley Springs.
        　　(B) Santa Barbara.
        　　(C) Atlantic City.
        　　(D) Sacramento.
        　　13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.
        　　(B) Tasting sweet.
        　　(C) A certain amount of minerals.
        　　(D) An absence of taste.
        　　14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting.
        　　(B) Tasting—smelling—looking.
        　　(C) Smelling—looking—tasting.
        　　(D) Tasting—looking—smelling.
        　　15. (A) Bathing.
        　　(B) Boiling pasta in.
        　　(C) Swimming.
        　　(D) Making tea.
        　　Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
        　　16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills.
        　　(B) Increase the students’ appreciation of nature.
        　　(C) Improve math, but not reading skills.
        　　(D) Develop reading, but not math skills.
        　　17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts.
        　　(B) To make the students’ education more well-rounded.
        　　(C) To investigate the impact of arts training.
        　　(D) To enhance the students’ math skills.
        　　18. (A) Once weekly.
        　　(B) Twice weekly.
        　　(C) Once a month.
        　　(D) Twice a month.
        　　19. (A) Six months.
        　　(B) Seven months.
        　　(C) Eight months.
        　　(D) Nine months.
        　　20. (A) The children’s attitude.
        　　(B) The children’s test scores.
        　　(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.
        　　(D) Both the teachers’ and the children’s attitude.
            
            

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        　　SECTION 2: READING TEST
        　　(30 minutes)
        　　Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
        　　Questions 1—5
        　　Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.
        　　It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.
        　　Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
        　　Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. “These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
        　　1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?
        　　(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.
        　　(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.
        　　(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.
        　　(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.
        　　2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.
        　　(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence
        　　(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking
        　　(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed
        　　(D) making them understand their family crisis
        　　3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?
        　　(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.
        　　(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.
        　　(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.
        　　(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.
        　　4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” (para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.
        　　(A) altered and developed
        　　(B) blocked and impaired
        　　(C) sharpened and advanced
        　　(D) replaced and transplanted
        　　5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” (para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.
        　　(A) to free them of the idea
        　　(B) to help them understand the idea
        　　(C) to imbue them with the notion
        　　(D) to inform them of the concept
            
            

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        　　Questions 6—10
        　　Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’ search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.
        　　What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.
        　　DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.
        　　One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.
        　　Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”
        　　6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is _________.
        　　(A) to protect national security
        　　(B) to help protect personal freedom
        　　(C) to monitor Internet pornography
        　　(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act
        　　7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.
        　　(A) it is not involved in the court case
        　　(B) users’ privacy is most important
        　　(C) the government has violated the First Amendment
        　　(D) search terms is the company’s business secret
        　　8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” (para.3) can be replaced by _________.
        　　(A) maximized to
        　　(B) minimized to
        　　(C) returned to
        　　(D) reduced to
        　　9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.
        　　(A) counterattack the opposition
        　　(B) lead to blocking of porn sites
        　　(C) provide evidence to disprove the case
        　　(D) give full ground to support the case
        　　10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” (para.5), the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.
        　　(A) a friend or relative showing much concern
        　　(B) a colleague who is much more experienced
        　　(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power
        　　(D) a benevolent and democratic organization
            
            

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        　　Questions 11—15
        　　On New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.
        　　How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.
        　　Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.
        　　Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.
        　　What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.
        　　This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.
        　　11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?
        　　(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.
        　　(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.
        　　(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.
        　　(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.
        　　12. The word “encapsulates” in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.” (para. l) can be replaced by ________.
        　　(A) concludes.
        　　(B) involves.
        　　(C) represents.
        　　(D) aggravates.
        　　13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?
        　　(A) Neutral and indifferent.
        　　(B) Sympathetic and understanding.
        　　(C) Critical and vehement.
        　　(D) Subjective and fatalistic.
        　　14. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.” (para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.
        　　(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa
        　　(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there
        　　(C) feel themselves superior in decision making
        　　(D) care about the development of the local people
        　　15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.
        　　(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists
        　　(B) to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa
        　　(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism
        　　(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agencies
            
            

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        　　Questions 16—20
        　　The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.
        　　If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.
        　　The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal 2007 calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.
        　　A 50-percent cut “is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut” in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
        　　Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a “radical conclusion,” acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, “we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments” that might have rolled out the welcome mat “for living organisms,” she concludes.
        　　Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near its unexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed several explanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vapor billowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.
        　　Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be “luxuriant,” notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive it. Still, he adds, it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible “outposts” for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cuts. The proposed reductions post several challenges, researchers say.
        　　One is the loss of important financial leverage. While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health, NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous fieldwork into exciting results.
        　　One of the biggest successes over the program’s 10-year history has been to help revolutionize the way science is done. Answering questions about the origins of life on Earth and the prospects for life elsewhere require strong collaborations. From radio astronomers to biologists and geologists studying the evolution of Earth, groups are working together in ways they never thought of a decade ago, adds Edward Young, a geochemist at the University of California at Los Angeles.
        　　“NASA’s made a lot of progress by making a relatively small investment in a way that has brought disparate experts together from the whole spectrum of physical and biological sciences. It’s a wonderful lesson on how to make progress by crossing these boundaries,” Dr. Solomon says. “It would be regrettable to stop that experiment.”
        　　16. According to the passage, simple forms of life might be found on the following heavenly bodies in the solar system: ________.
        　　(A) Europa, Titan, Earth’s moon and Mars
        　　(B) Europa, Mars, Titan and Enceladus
        　　(C) Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Enceladus
        　　(D) Earth’s moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn
        　　17. When the author says “The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists.” (para.3), he most probably means that the discovery _________.
        　　(A) greatly discourages scientists
        　　(B) leads to the cutting of NASA’s budget
        　　(C) causes much doubt and argument
        　　(D) brings scientists both good and bad news
        　　18. When Sean Solomon says a 50-percent cut in NASA’s fiscal budget for 2007 in its astrobiology program “is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut” (para.4), he most probably means that _________.
        　　(A) the program will go ahead as scheduled
        　　(B) it will be next to impossible to continue the research
        　　(C) the research will continue, but with much difficulty
        　　(D) the program will be delayed unless the budget cut is stopped
        　　19. According to the passage, one of the biggest successes over the program’s 10-year history is manifested by _________.
        　　(A) the advance in space probing technology
        　　(B) the strong and smooth multi-disciplinary cooperation
        　　(C) the great progress with small investment
        　　(D) the discovery of life on some of the planets in the solar system
        　　20. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?
        　　(A) Discovery of liquid water on a moon of Saturn
        　　(B) President Bush’s vision for space exploration
        　　(C) Water discovery vs. NASA budget cuts
        　　(D) Budget cut for fiscal 2007: A puzzling issue for NASA
            
            

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        　　SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST
        　　(30 minutes)
        　　Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
        　　A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface—kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.
        　　At issue is “birthright citizenship”—provided for since the Constitution’s 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.”
        　　Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.
        　　“Most Americans feel it doesn’t make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen,” said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. “But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they’ll claim you’re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn’t want to deal with that.”
        　　SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST
        　　(30 minutes)
        　　Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
        　　Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points” so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your TEST BOOK and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.
        　　The doctor-patient relationship is one of the ___________ (1) relationships in life, but many people say this relationship is beyond ___________ (2). Can this relationship be saved? The answer is ___________ (3) yes, because it must. And if that is lost, medicine becomes a technology and is ___________ (4). In part the crisis in medicine began with doctors ___________ (5) themselves from patients.
        　　The more critical work of a doctor happens in the taking of the human ___________ (6). ___________ (7) is the most important and most difficult single transaction. The studies show that ___________ (8) of all the valuable information that leads to correct diagnosis comes from the history. Another ___________ (9) comes from the physical examination, 10% comes from simple ___________ (10) tests, and 5% comes from all the complex ___________ (11). So listening is vital, because listening is not merely listening, but to establish a ___________ (12).
        　　But some doctors think listening is ___________ (13). They like to use complex and costly ___________ (14), and use ___________ (15) that create adverse reactions and require ___________ (16). They don’t like to listen. Because there’s no premium on listening and that there’s no ___________ (17) for listening.
        　　Even so, the doctor-patient relationship is not ___________ (18) saving. Because people may ask, what is good health? And good health begins first and foremost with ___________ (19). If you don’t care for a ___________ (20), be somebody else, but don’t be a doctor!
        　　Part B: Listening and Translation
        　　1. Sentence Translation
        　　Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
        　　(1)
        　　(2)
        　　(3)
        　　(4)
        　　(5)
        　　2. Passage Translation
        　　Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
        　　(1)
        　　(2)
            
            

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        　　SECTION 5: READING TEST
        　　(30 minutes)
        　　Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
        　　Questions 1—3
        　　In the 5,000 years since Ancient Egyptians experimented with scented plants, aromatherapy has been credited with a plethora of powers. Today it is a multimillion-pound industry, recognized as effective by three quarters of the adult population and hailed as a cure for problems from nicotine addiction to baldness.
        　　But aromatherapy could be little more than an illusion, psychologists argue. Neil Martin, from Middlesex University, a specialist in the psychology of olfaction, has a less polite word for it: “bunkum”. Dr Martin enlisted 60 volunteers and subjected them all to experimentally induced pain by getting them to plunge their forearms into ice-cold water for 15 minutes. A third of participants were exposed to a pleasant lemon odour, a third to the odour of machine oil and the rest were in an odourless room. They were asked to rate the amount of pain they felt on a scale of 0 (painless) to 11 (unbearable) every five minutes.
        　　At the first time of asking, those exposed to an odour reported significantly higher pain levels, with a score of 8 for both groups, than the control group, which had an average of 6. After 15 minutes the pain level of the no-odour group had fallen to 5. Among the lemon-odour group it had fallen to 6½, while for the machine oil group it remained at 8.
        　　Dr Martin said his findings showed not merely that aromatherapy had no effect but that it could be positively harmful. “Aromatherapy appears to be counter-productive. Most claims by aroma therapists have no basis in science,” he said. “The effect it has on real hard illnesses are non-existent. It is a waste of time and money. Exposure to both odours increased the pain. It could be that the odours had a stimulant effect and drew attention to the pain because it made the experience of being in the room with the bucket of water more noticeable.”
        　　He accepted, however, that aromatherapy may have a powerful placebo effect. “People going to aromatherapy have a mental problem or a physical disorder that they want to have treated and the belief that they want to get better can overcome the inefficacy of the treatment,” he said. He added that previous research into aromatherapy had been largely inconclusive.
        　　Dr Martin’s research, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Cardiff, comes after the release of a study last week claiming that spinal manipulation, another popular form of complementary medicine, did not work and could make matters worse.
        　　Both papers are highly contentious. The British public now spends more than £24 million a year on over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils, and 75 per cent of the population believe that the treatment works.
        　　Carole Preen, the secretary of the Aromatherapy Consortium, disputed Dr Martin’s findings. “This research didn’t involve aromatherapy because they simply used a certain smell to try and gain an effect. Aromatherapy is not a cure and no one would ever make that claim, but there is a wealth of scientific research published in journals to show that it can be beneficial. It can lift mood, alleviate pain and helps very many people,” she said.
        　　WHAT’S IN A SMELL
        　　The British public spends more than 24 million a year onl over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils
        　　75 per centl of the population believes that the treatment works
        　　Aromatherapy had beenl hailed as a cure for problems ranging from nicotine addiction to baldness
        　　The Prince of Wales is a fan. Peterborough prison last year hiredl two holistic therapists for its inmates
        　　There are 7,000 therapistsl registered with the Aromatherapy Organisations Council
        　　Hammersmithl Hospital, in West London, offers aromatherapy massages for NHS cancer patients
        　　619words
        　　1. What is aromatherapy?
        　　2. What is Dr Martin’s view over aromatherapy? Give a brief introduction of his experiment.
        　　3. What is Carole Preen’s opinion of Dr Martin’s research?
            
            

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        　　Questions 4—6
        　　When pastor Ken Baugh announced he’d be devoting eight consecutive Sundays to analyzing The Da Vinci Code in the run-up to its film release, he knew some members of his Southern California megachurch would be skeptical. But Baugh also knew that many of his congregants had read the book and that many more would see the movie. “Dan Brown did the church a favor,” Baugh says. “He forced people who call themselves followers of Christ to investigate what that really means.”
        　　Baugh is hardly alone. Evangelical leaders have attempted to seize on Brown’s success as an opportunity to reinforce the faith of believers and to win new souls. In the three years since the book’s release, evangelical writers and thinkers have produced a flurry of books, study guides, and DVDs to counter Dan Brown’s fiction. “This movie will be a major cultural phenomenon, so discussions about Jesus and the church will happen,” says Robert Johnston, a professor of theology and culture at Fuller Theological Seminary. “The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation.”
        　　Turnabout. To be sure, evangelical leaders have been critical of The Da Vinci Code. “This has all the evidence of something cooked up in the fires of hell,” evangelical radio broadcaster James Dobson said on Focus on the Family. It’s because the book and fihn pose such a threat, many evangelicals say, that it warrants a strong response. “We’re making the best of a situation that is going to do a lot of damage,” says Erwin Lutzer of Chicago’s Moody Church and author of The Da Vinci Deception. “When you are faced with a dam that seems to be breaking, you can’t prop it up by saying, ‘We’re going to stand against it.’“
        　　It’s a remarkable turnabout from the outcry that greeted Martin Scorsese’s The Last Temptation of Christ, in 1988, when Campus Crusade for Christ called for a boycott. Rather than boycott The Da Vinci Code, Campus Crusade has retained popular evangelical speaker Josh McDowell, author of The Da Vinci Code: A Quest for Answers, to challenge Brown’s assertions. “I don’t recommend people go to the movie, but 90 percent of them will,” says McDwell. “The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can’t take that away from him.”
        　　The reaction represents a shift within the evangelical community. “Five years ago, there might have been more of a backlash against this film,” says Calvin College Prof. William Romanowski. “But movies like The Passion of the Christ changed attitudes ... evangelicals are now trying to penetrate the mainstream media.”
        　　Sony Pictures, which is distributing The Da Vinci Code, has created an online forum for religious leaders to discuss the film, the davincidialogue.com. Sony may be betting that even critical comments will generate buzz, but evangelicals say they also stand to benefit. “The real history of Christianity ... is far more complex” than in The Da Vinci Code, writes the Christian Broadcasting Network’s Gordon Robertson. “[It’s] filled with enough flesh and blood to make it a better story than the one Dan Brown invented.” (512 words)
        　　4. What is pastor Ken Baugh’s attitude towards the novel The Da Vinci Code? What does he mean by saying that “Dan Brown did the church a favor”?
        　　5. Why did the author mention Martin Scorsese’s The Last Temptation of Christ? What is the change in the evangelical community’s reaction to The Da Vinci Code?
        　　6. Paraphrase the two sentences from the passage:
        　　a) “The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation.”(para.2)
        　　b) “The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can’t take that away from him.”(para.4)
            
            

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        　　Questions 7—10
        　　As they do every week, the 90 members of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity at Oregon State University file into their dining halt for a very different kind of frat party. The rows of scrubbed and pressed young men sit down to eat under the watchful eye of the brother who is acting as manners chair. No swearing is permitted. Napkins on laps are required. Small bites are urged instead of gulps. Scofflaws must do penalty push-ups or pay a fine into the piggy bank in the middle of each table.
        　　Call it the new fratiquette, but these weekly civility sessions are just a small part of a growing reform movement led by SigEp, the country’s largest fraternity. As colleges continue to crack down on binge drinking, hazing and general hooliganism, some fraternities are redefining the Greek experience in order to save it.
        　　Oregon State’s is among the 256 SigEP chapters nationwide that have adopted the Balanced Man Program, an intensive four-year fraternity experience created 13 years ago by concerned SigEp leaders to shift the center of life in the houses from beer-soaked blowouts to activities that promote healthy living and self-respect. To eliminate hazing, the program does away with the pledge system—all recruits are equal members from Day One. Alcohol is allowed, but booze-free activities are encouraged.
        　　The SigEps of Oregon State were a long way from such genteel pursuits just five years ago. At a school that offers a degree in fermentation sciences, the SigEps of old stood out for their love of inebriation. “When 1 got here in 2001, it was awful,” says Mike Powers, 20, a senior. “Drugs were coming in, grades were falling. There were nothing but monster parties.” The chapter hit bottom that fall when a single party resulted in a whopping $195,000 in fines for 26 separate counts of providing alcohol to minors. The house needed a fresh start, which led to a purge of partyers in which a third of the brothers left the chapter. “We needed to get rid of the cancers of the frat,” says Powers.
        　　Today the chapter, reorganized under the Balanced Man Program, has rebounded. Membership is almost back to prepurge levels, and last summer the chapter won a national SigEp award that placed it in the top 15% in academics and community service of all chapters in the country.
        　　But the frat makeovers have their detractors. In the rush to save fraternity life, some say, SigEp and the Balanced Man Program may be ruining it. “Some of my best experiences in college were stupid things I did with my friends, usually involving alcohol,” says Kevin Stange, whose SigEp chapter at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was frequently in trouble with the national organization when he was a student in the late 1990s and which eventually closed for several years. “We never went too far, though,” says Stange. “And the real reason people join frats is to have fun. Balanced Man doesn’t address that.” Online chat rooms like greekchat.com are ablaze with debate about the changes. As one SigEp who clearly missed the etiquette lessons wrote, “The [Balanced Man Program] has effectively cut the balls [off] our fraternity.”
        　　The number of new SigEp recruits has increased 11% since 1999. Insurance premiums, which have a habit of rising when frat boys burn down their houses or fall off their balconies, have gone down the past members has reached the 3.0 mark, which is two years. The average GPA for SigEp’s the highest of all fraternities.
        　　Following SigEp’s lea& other national fraternities have rolled out similar programs, from Sigma Alpha Epsilon’s True Gentleman to Beta Theta Pi’s Men of Principle. According to some members, there’s an unexpected bonus from all these reforms: women seem to like them. “They can go to 21 other fraternities to get drunk,” says Oregon State SigEp member Cameron Saffer. “Here you find respectful young men.” (651 words)
        　　7. Give a brief introduction of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity.
        　　8. Explain the beginning sentence of paragraph 4 “The SigEps of Oregon State were a long way from such genteel pursuits just five years ago.”
        　　9. What does the author mean by saying that “the frat makeovers have their detractors” (para.6)?
        　　10. Why does the author mention the change of “insurance premiums” at the end of the passage? What does it tell us?
        　　SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST
        　　(30 minutes)
        　　Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET
        　　中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不凌弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。今天，中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。