时事热点：981钻井平台作业 越南的挑衅和中国的立场

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　　“981”钻井平台作业：越南的挑衅和中国的立场
        　　The Operation of the HYSY 981 Drilling Rig: Vietnam’s Provocation and
China’s Position
        　　一、“981”钻井平台作业
        　　I. The operation of the HYSY 981 drilling rig
        　　2014年5月2日，中国企业所属“981”钻井平台在中国西沙群岛毗连区内(作业位置图见附件
1)开展钻探活动，旨在勘探油气资源。目前，第一阶段工作已经完成，第二阶段工作已于5月27日开始。前后作业海域距离中国西沙群岛中建岛和西沙群岛领海基线均17海里，距离越南大陆海岸约133至156海里。
        　　On 2 May 2014, a Chinese company’s HYSY 981 drilling rig started its
drilling operation inside the contiguous zone of China’s Xisha Islands (see
Annex 1/5 for the locations of operation) for the purpose of oil and gas
exploration. With the first phase of the operation completed, the second phase
began on 27 May. The two locations of operation are 17 nautical miles from both
the Zhongjian Island of China’s Xisha Islands and the baseline of the
territorial waters of Xisha Islands, yet approximately 133 to 156 nautical miles
away from the coast of the Vietnamese mainland.
        　　10年来，中国企业一直在有关海域进行勘探活动，包括地震勘探及井场调查作业等。此次“981”平台钻探作业是勘探进程的例行延续，完全在中国主权和管辖权范围内。
        　　The Chinese company has been conducting explorations in the related waters
for the past 10 years, including seismic operations and well site surveys. The
drilling operation carried out by HYSY 981 this time is a continuation of the
routine process of explorations, and falls well within China’s sovereignty and
jurisdiction.
        　　二、越南的挑衅
        　　II. Vietnam’s provocation
        　　中方作业开始后，越南方面即出动包括武装船只在内的大批船只，非法强力干扰中方作业，冲撞在现场执行护航安全保卫任务的中国政府公务船，还向该海域派出“蛙人”等水下特工，大量布放渔网、漂浮物等障碍物。截至6月7日17时，越方现场船只最多时达
63艘，冲闯中方警戒区及冲撞中方公务船累计达1416艘次。
        　　Shortly after the Chinese operation started, Vietnam sent a large number of
vessels, including armed vessels, to the site, illegally and forcefully
disrupting the Chinese operation and ramming the Chinese government vessels on
escort and security missions there. In the meantime, Vietnam also sent frogmen
and other underwater agents to the area, and dropped large numbers of obstacles,
including fishing nets and floating objects, in the waters. As of 5 pm on 7
June, there were as many as 63 Vietnamese vessels in the area at the peak,
attempting to break through China’s cordon and ramming the Chinese government
ships for a total of 1,416 times.
        　　越方上述行为严重侵犯了中方的主权、主权权利和管辖权，严重危及中方人员和“981”钻井平台的安全，严重违反包括《联合国宪章》、1982年《联合国海洋法公约》、1988年《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》和《制止危及大陆架固定平台安全非法行为议定书》在内的相关国际法，破坏了该海域的航行自由与安全，有损于地区和平稳定。
        　　The above-mentioned actions of the Vietnamese side were serious
infringements upon China’s sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction, grave
threats to the safety of Chinese personnel and the HYSY 981 drilling rig, and
gross violations of the relevant international laws, including the Charter of
the United Nations, the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and
1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf. Such
actions also undermined the freedom and safety of navigation in these waters,
and damaged peace and stability in the region.
        　　在海上对中方企业正常作业进行非法强力干扰的同时，越方还纵容其国内反华游行示威。5月中旬，数千越南不法分子对包括中国在内的多国在越企业进行打砸抢烧，残酷杀害4名并打伤300多名中国在越公民，并造成重大财产损失。
        　　While illegally and forcefully disrupting the normal operation of the
Chinese company on the sea, Vietnam also condoned anti-China demonstrations at
home. In mid-May, thousands of lawless elements in Vietnam conducted beating,
smashing, looting and arson against companies of China and several other
countries. They brutally killed four Chinese nationals and injured over 300
others, and caused heavy property losses.
            
            

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        　　三、中方的反应
        　　III. China’s response
        　　中国西沙群岛与越南大陆海岸之间存在海域划界问题，双方迄未在该海域进行专属经济区和大陆架划界。双方均有依据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》主张专属经济区和大陆架的权利。但无论以何原则划界，该海域都不可能成为越南的专属经济区和大陆架。
        　　The waters between China’s Xisha Islands and the coast of the Vietnamese
mainland are yet to be delimited. The two sides have not yet conducted
delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf in these
waters. Both sides are entitled to claim EEZ and continental shelf in accordance
with the UNCLOS. However, these waters will never become Vietnam’s EEZ and
continental shelf no matter which principle is applied in the delimitation.
        　　对越方在海上的挑衅行动，中方保持了高度克制，采取了必要的防范措施，派遣公务船到现场保障作业安全，有效地维护了海上生产作业秩序和航行安全。同时，5月2日以来，中方在各个层级与越方进行了30多次沟通，要求其停止非法干扰活动。令人遗憾的是，越方的非法干扰活动仍在继续。
        　　In the face of Vietnam’s provocative actions on the sea, China exercised
great restraint and took necessary preventive measures. Chinese government ships
were dispatched to the site for the purpose of ensuring the safety of the
operation, which effectively safeguarded the order of production and operation
on the sea and the safety of navigation. In the meantime, since 2 May, China has
conducted over 30 communications with Vietnam at various levels, requesting the
Vietnamese side to stop its illegal disruption. Regrettably, however, the
illegal disruption of the Vietnamese side is still continuing.
        　　四、西沙群岛是中国领土
        　　IV. Xisha Islands are part of the Chinese territory
        　　(一)西沙群岛是中国固有领土，不存在任何争议。
        　　1. Xisha Islands are an inherent part of China’s territory, over which
there is no dispute.
        　　中国最早发现、最早开发经营、最早管辖西沙群岛。中国北宋(公元960-1126年)政府已把西沙群岛置于自己的管辖范围内，并派水师赴该海域巡逻。1909年，中国清政府广东水师提督李准率军视察西沙群岛，并在永兴岛上升旗鸣炮，宣示主权。
1911年，中华民国政府宣布将西沙群岛及其附近水域划归海南岛崖县管辖。
        　　China was the first to discover, develop, exploit and exercise jurisdiction
over the Xisha Islands. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1126 AD), the
Chinese government already established jurisdiction over the Xisha Islands and
sent naval forces to patrol the waters there. In 1909, Commander Li Zhun of the
Guangdong naval force of the Qing Dynasty led a military inspection mission to
the Xisha Islands and reasserted China’s sovereignty by hoisting the flag and
firing a salvo on the Yongxing Island. In 1911, the government of the Republic
of China announced its decision to put the Xisha Islands and their adjacent
waters under the jurisdiction of Ya County of Hainan Island.
        　　日本在第二次世界大战期间侵占了西沙群岛。1945年日本投降后，根据一系列国际文件，中国政府于1946年11月指派高级官员，乘军舰赴西沙群岛举行接收仪式，并立碑纪念，派兵驻守，一度被外国非法侵占的西沙群岛重新置于中国政府的管辖之下。
        　　Japan invaded and occupied the Xisha Islands during the Second World War.
After Japan’s surrender in 1945, in accordance with a series of international
documents, the Chinese government sent senior officials boarding military
vessels to the Xisha Islands in November 1946 to hold the ceremony for receiving
the islands, and a stone tablet was erected to commemorate the handover and
troops were stationed there afterwards. The Xisha Islands, which had once been
illegally occupied by a foreign country, were thus returned to the jurisdiction
of the Chinese government.
        　　1959年，中国政府设立“西沙群岛、中沙群岛、南沙群岛办事处”。1974年1月，中国军民驱走了入侵西沙群岛珊瑚岛和甘泉岛的南越西贡当局军队，捍卫了中国的领土主权。1992年颁布的《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》和1996年中国政府公布的西沙群岛领海基点基线都相继确认了中国对西沙群岛的主权及领海范围。2012年，中国政府在西沙群岛永兴岛设立了三沙市的各类权力机关。
            
            

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        　　In 1959, the Chinese government established the Administration Office for
the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands. In January 1974, the Chinese military
and people drove the invading army of the Saigon authority of South Vietnam from
the Shanhu Island and Ganquan Island of the Xisha Islands and defended China’s
territory and sovereignty. The Chinese government enacted the Law of the
People’s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone in
1992 and published the base points and baselines of the territorial waters of
the Xisha Islands in 1996, both of which reaffirm China’s sovereignty over the
Xisha Islands and the extent of territorial waters of the islands. In 2012, the
Chinese government established the various departments of Sansha city on the
Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands.
        　　(二)1974年以前，越南历届政府从未对中国西沙群岛的主权提出过任何异议，无论在其政府的声明、照会里，还是在报刊、地图和教科书中，都正式承认西沙群岛自古以来就是中国的领土。
        　　2. Prior to 1974, none of the successive Vietnamese governments had ever
challenged China’s sovereignty over the Xisha Islands. Vietnam had officially
recognized the Xisha Islands as part of China’s territory since ancient times.
This position was reflected in its government statements and notes as well as
its newspapers, maps and textbooks.
        　　1956年6月15日，越南民主共和国外交部副部长雍文谦接见中国驻越南大使馆临时代办李志民，郑重表示：“根据越南方面的资料，从历史上看，西沙群岛和南沙群岛应当属于中国领土。”越南外交部亚洲司代司长黎禄进一步具体介绍了越南方面的材料，指出：“从历史上看，西沙群岛和南沙群岛早在宋朝时就已经属于中国了。”
        　　During a meeting with chargé d’affaires ad interim Li Zhimin of the Chinese
Embassy in Vietnam on 15 June 1956, Vice Foreign Minister of the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam Ung Van Khiem solemnly stated that, “according to Vietnamese
data, the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands are historically part of Chinese
territory.” Le Loc, Acting Director of the Asian Department of the Vietnamese
Foreign Ministry, who was present, specifically cited Vietnamese data and
pointed out that, “judging from history, these islands were already part of
China at the time of the Song Dynasty.”
        　　1958年9月4日，中国政府发表声明(见附件2)，宣布中国的领海宽度为12海里，明确指出：
“这项规定适用于包括西沙群岛……在内的中华人民共和国的一切领土”。9月6日，越南劳动党中央机关报《人民报》在第一版全文刊登中国政府领海声明。9月
14日，越南政府总理范文同照会(见附件3)中国国务院总理周恩来，郑重表示：“越南民主共和国政府承认和赞同中华人民共和国政府1958年9月4日关于领海决定的声明”，“越南民主共和国政府尊重这项决定”。
        　　On 4 September 1958, the Chinese government issued a declaration (see Annex
2/5), stating that the breadth of the territorial waters of the People’s
Republic of China shall be 12 nautical miles and making it clear that “this
provision applies to all the territories of the People’s Republic of China,
including ... the Xisha Islands”. On 6 September, NHAN DAN, the official
newspaper of the Central Committee of Vietnamese Workers’ Party, published on
its front page the full text of the Chinese government’s declaration regarding
China’s territorial sea. On 14 September, Premier Pham Van Dong of the
government of Vietnam sent a diplomatic note (see Annex 3/5) to Premier Zhou
Enlai of the State Council of China, solemnly stating that “the government of
the Democratic Republic of Vietnam recognizes and supports the declaration of
the government of the People’s Republic of China on its decision concerning
China’s territorial sea made on September 4, 1958” and “the government of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam respects this decision”.
        　　1965年5月9日，越南民主共和国政府就美国政府确定美军在越南的“作战区域”问题发表声明，指出：“美国总统约翰逊把整个越南和越南海岸以外宽约100海里的附近海域，以及中华人民共和国西沙群岛的一部分领海规定为美国武装力量的作战区域”，这是“对越南民主共和国及其邻国安全的直接威胁”。
            
            

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        　　On 9 May 1965, the government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam issued
a statement with reference to the designation by the US government of the
“combat zone” of the US armed forces in Vietnam. It says, “US President Lyndon
Johnson designated the whole of Vietnam, and the adjacent waters which extend
roughly 100 miles from the coast of Vietnam and part of the territorial waters
of the People’s Republic of China in its Xisha Islands as ‘combat zone’ of the
United States armed forces ... in direct threat to the security of the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam and its neighbors ...”
        　　1972年5月越南总理府测量和绘图局印制的《世界地图集》，用中国名称标注西沙群岛(见附件
4)。1974年越南教育出版社出版的普通学校九年级《地理》教科书，在《中华人民共和国》一课(见附件5)中写道：“从南沙、西沙各岛到海南岛、台湾岛、澎湖列岛、舟山群岛，……这些岛呈弓形状，构成了保卫中国大陆的一座‘长城’。
        　　”The World Atlas printed in May 1972 by the Bureau of Survey and
Cartography under the Office of the Premier of Vietnam designated the Xisha
Islands by their Chinese names (see Annex 4/5). The geography textbook for ninth
graders published by Vietnam’s Educational Press in 1974 carried in it a lesson
entitled “The People’s Republic of China” (see Annex 5/5). It reads, “The chain
of islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island, Taiwan Island,
the Penghu Islands and the Zhoushan Islands ... are shaped like a bow and
constitute a Great Wall defending the China mainland.”
        　　越南政府现在违背自己所作的承诺，对中国西沙群岛提出领土要求，严重违背“禁止反言”等国际法原则和国际关系基本准则。
        　　But now the Vietnamese government goes back on its word by making
territorial claims over China’s Xisha Islands. That is a gross violation of the
principles of international law, including the principle of estoppel, and the
basic norms governing international relations.
        　　五、妥善处理事态
        　　V. Properly addressing the situation
        　　中国是维护南海和平稳定、推动地区国家合作与发展的坚定力量，也是维护《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则、国际关系基本准则和国际法基本原则的坚定力量。中国最不希望看到自己的周边出现任何动荡。
        　　China is a staunch force for maintaining peace and stability in the South
China Sea and promoting cooperation between and development of countries in the
region. China firmly upholds the purpose and principles of the Charter of the
United Nations, the basic norms of international relations and fundamental
principles of international law. The least China wants is any turbulence in its
neighborhood.
        　　中国希望中越关系良好发展，但是不能放弃原则。中越之间的沟通渠道是通畅的。中方规劝越方从维护两国关系和南海和平稳定大局出发，尊重中方的主权、主权权利和管辖权，立即停止对中方作业任何形式的干扰，并撤走现场所有船只和人员，缓和紧张局势，使海上尽快恢复平静。中方将继续努力同越方沟通，争取妥善处理当前事态。
        　　China wants good relations with Vietnam, but there are principles that
China cannot abandon. The channel of communication between China and Vietnam is
open. China urges Vietnam to bear in mind the overall interests of the bilateral
relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea, respect China’s
sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction, immediately stop all forms of
disruptions of the Chinese operation and withdraw all vessels and personnel from
the site, so as to ease the tension and restore tranquility at sea as early as
possible. China will continue its effort to communicate with Vietnam with a view
to properly addressing the current situation.