英语翻译指导：2012年政府工作报告中英对照

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　　2012年政府工作报告中英对照-全文
        　　Full Text: Report on the Work of the Government (2012)
        　　十一届全国人大五次会议5日上午9时在北京人民大会堂开幕，国务院总理温家宝向大会作政府工作报告。以下为报告实录：
        　　各位代表：
        　　现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。
        　　Fellow Deputies,
        　　On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work
of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and
suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s
Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
        　　一、2011年工作回顾
        　　I. Review of Work in 2011
        　　过去的一年，面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务，全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下，同心同德，团结奋进，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。
        　　Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic
environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at
home. Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the
Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made
significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.
        　　国内生产总值47.2万亿元，比上年增长9.2%;公共财政收入10.37万亿元，增长24.8%;粮食产量1.14万亿斤，再创历史新高;城镇新增就业1221万人，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8.4%和
11.4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果，实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。
        　　China’s GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the
previous year; government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%;
and the country’s grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons. A
total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable
income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose
in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively. We consolidated and built upon
our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the
Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.
        　　一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：
        　　We accomplished the following in our work last year.
        　　(一)加强和改善宏观调控，遏制物价过快上涨，实现经济平稳较快发展。
        　　1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises,
and achieving steady and robust economic development
        　　我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏，努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度，不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。
        　　We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and
maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development,
adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We paid
greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and
pace; conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a
timely fashion; and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and
forward-looking.
        　　在全球通胀预期不断增强，国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动，国内要素成本明显上升，部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下，我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务，坚持综合施策，合理运用货币政策工具，调节货币信贷增速，大力发展生产，保障供给，搞活流通，加强监管，居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落，扭转了一度过快上涨势头。
        　　Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high
prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of
factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we
made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued
policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate
the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure
supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision. As a result,
increases in the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI)
began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.
        　　下半年，世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升，国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题，我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变，保持宏观经济政策基本稳定，继续控制通货膨胀;一方面适时适度预调微调，加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合，加大结构性减税力度，重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业，重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程，重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要，有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。
        　　In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater
instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in
China’s economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged,
maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to
curb inflation. In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory
adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and
industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions. We focused on
supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses; improving
the people’s wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects; and
ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion.
These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.
        　　我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控，确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制，多数城市房价环比下降，调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患，及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用，形成了大量优质资产;也存在一些风险隐患，特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。
        　　We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured
that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress.
Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been
significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on
month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show. We
attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which
exist in the banking and public finance sectors. We fully audited local
government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total
amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local
governments incurred over the years. These debts have played a positive role in
promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality
assets. However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some
localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.
        　　我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作，严格控制增量，积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前，我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看，我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展，抗风险能力不断增强，呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。
        　　We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their
increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of
such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects. Government debt in China
now is at a controllable and secure level. China’s economy as a whole continues
to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more
resilient. Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns
are good, and the people’s wellbeing is improving.
        　　(二)加快转变经济发展方式，提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有控，促进结构调整和优化升级，增强发展后劲。
        　　2. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development
and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive
        　　巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策，加大农业生产补贴力度，稳步提高粮食最低收购价，加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设，开展农村土地整治，加强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾，中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元，比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收，粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，连续5年超万亿斤，标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。继续推进农村危房改造，解决了6398万农村人口的饮水安全和60万无电地区人口的用电问题，农村生产生活条件进一步改善。
        　　We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and
carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the
sustainability of development.
        　　We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation. We fully
implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and
enriching rural areas. We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and
the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily. We strengthened agricultural
and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water
conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and
technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to
and mitigate natural disasters. Central government spending on agriculture,
rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of
183.9 billion yuan. We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture.
China’s grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely
been seen in history. Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded
500 million tons, which shows that China’s overall grain production capacity has
reached a new level. We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas,
ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural
residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power
supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.
        　　加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业，新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展，三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。支持重点产业振兴和技术改造，中央预算投资安排150亿元，支持4000多个项目，带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业，新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展，经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。
        　　We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.
We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated
development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment
manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and
demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and
television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of
cloud computing and the Internet of Things. We made progress in enterprise
mergers and reorganizations. We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central
government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries
and upgrade their technologies. This seed capital attracted a total investment
of 300 billion yuan. We accelerated the development of information consulting,
e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas.
The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the
foundation for China’s economic and social development.
            
            

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        　　推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦，比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设，新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨，5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度，淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准，实行草原生态保护奖补政策，开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。
        　　We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting
the ecological environment. We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work
Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for
Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and
the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks. The
installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase
of 33.56 million kW over the previous year. We strengthened the development of
major energy conservation and environmental protection projects. We increased
daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed
desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a
total capacity of over 50 million kW. We tightened controls over industries that
are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity,
and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity
amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25
million tons of coke. We implemented the second phase of the project to protect
virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving
rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot
projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes. And we planted 6.13
million hectares of trees.
        　　促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强，中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。城镇化率超过50%，这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务，积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。
        　　We promoted the balanced development of regional economies. We thoroughly
implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan
for developing functional zones. We introduced preferential policies to promote
the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang; and formulated and implemented a
rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an
action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there. As a
result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators
rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the
national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation
and upgrading. China’s urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic
change in the country’s social structure. We completed reconstruction in
Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major
progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai; Zhugqu, Gansu;
and Yingjiang, Yunnan.
        　　(三)大力发展社会事业，促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入，全国财政支出2.82万亿元。
        　　Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology,
education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching
2.82 trillion yuan.
        　　持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项，突破一些关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接，成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。
        　　We continued to enhance China’s scientific and technological innovation
capabilities. We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge
technologies. We carried out major national research and development projects,
made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many
gaps in important products and technologies. The Tiangong-1 space module and the
Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with
Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China’s development of manned
spaceflights.
扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力，全面实现九年制义务教育。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费，其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”，提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作，扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点，提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教，90%以上在中西部。
        　　We made solid progress in making education more equitable. We thoroughly
implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development. Thanks to tireless
efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making
nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating
illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. Over 30 million rural boarding
school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of
them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received
living allowances. A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from
poor families was put in place. The children of rural migrant workers were
generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live. A
three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number
of children enrolled in preschool increased. We vigorously developed vocational
education. We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers,
expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on
them, and raised their overall quality. All the graduates of 2011 who received
tuition-free education in teachers’ colleges and universities went to teach in
primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and
western China.
        　　大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持，各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围，服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进，文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设，全民健身活动蓬勃开展，体育事业取得新成绩。
        　　We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector. The central
government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the
people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit
cultural programs. We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to
the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services. We continued to
reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly. Major
progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on
China’s intangible cultural heritage. We put great effort into building public
sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country,
and made new achievements in sports activities.
        　　积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大，13亿城乡居民参保，全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高，重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖，基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。
        　　We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and
healthcare services. We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so
that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered. A medical insurance
system that covers the whole population is emerging. We raised the reimbursement
rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the
range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured. Governments at
all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for
non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care
system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year. We implemented the national
system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care
institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more
affordable. We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public
hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service
system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health
services.
        　　(四)切实保障和改善民生，解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民，促进社会公平正义。
        　　4. Ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing and solving problems that
affect their interests
        　　We continued to put the people’s wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the
benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.
        　　实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位，全力推动以创业带动就业，加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度，着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8%，同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量
2.53亿人，比上年增长4.4%，其中，外出农民工1.59亿人，增长3.4%。
        　　We implemented a more active employment policy. We created jobs through a
variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new
businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public
employment service system. We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support
to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other
key groups. The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase
of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The number of rural workers
totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159
million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.
        　　积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高，连续两年快于城镇居民;各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准;连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多万人受益;进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准，对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴;建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元(2010年不变价)作为新的国家扶贫标准，比2009年提高92%，把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围，这是社会的巨大进步。
            
            

enthree

        　　We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of
low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms
registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the
second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the
country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh
consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the
year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence
allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for
some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86
million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and
rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five
forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses).
We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits
when consumer prices rise. The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole
population increased. We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax
from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan. We reduced the tax burden on over nine million
self-employed people. The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300
yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an
increase of 92% over 2009. This resulted in more low-income people being covered
by the government’s poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous
social progress.
        　　加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县(市、区)实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点，1334万人参保，641万人领取养老金。2343个县(市、区)开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，3.58亿人参保，9880万人领取养老金，覆盖面扩大到60%以上。解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将
312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全，向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐，这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。
        　　We bolstered the development of the social security system. We continued to
expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic
old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers’
compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide. We carried
out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147
counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million
residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions. We launched trials of a
new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and
county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million
people received pensions. We extended coverage of this insurance to more than
60% of China’s counties. We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for
more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises. We included
3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents
of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers’
compensation insurance. We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to
transfer pension accounts between localities. We continued to improve the social
security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all
residents. This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic
public services for all.
        　　大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见，完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策，着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套，新开工建设1043万套。
        　　We accelerated the construction of low-income housing. We adopted
guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing; improved
policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee
reductions; strove to improve project planning and construction quality; and
introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling
low-income housing. The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for
these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010. We basically completed 4.32
million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further
10.43 million units.
        　　努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管，做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制，集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先，加强和创新社会管理，着力排查化解各类社会矛盾，依法打击违法犯罪活动，保持社会和谐稳定。
        　　We worked hard to safeguard public safety. We intensified oversight and
supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully
investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable. We
improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety,
and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the
illegal production and processing of food. We put people and services first,
strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to
investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance
with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.
        　　(五)深入推进改革开放，为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务，加大攻坚力度，推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。
        　　5. Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus
into economic and social development. We intensified efforts to overcome
difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet
reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
        　　完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度，把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理，扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围，深化部门预算改革，推进政府预算、决算公开，98
个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革，出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国，启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点，开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。深化集体林权制度改革，启动国有林场改革试点，依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革，创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。
        　　We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management
system. We put all extra-budgetary funds under budgetary management; expanded
the scope of budgets for the use of state capital; deepened the reform requiring
government departments to prepare their own budgets; and moved ahead with
publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts. Ninety-eight central
government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments,
including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released
information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official
vehicles and official hospitality. We carried out a price-based reform of
resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to
replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT) on a trial basis. We extended
the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched
trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began
settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB. We deepened reform of tenure
in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and
started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law. We
pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water
conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water
resources; and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises. We carried out reform
to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary
services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity
and non-household electricity. We basically completed the reform of county and
town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions
through classification in an orderly manner.
        　　我们坚持出口和进口并重，利用外资和对外投资并举，全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略，努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额3.64万亿美元，增长22.5%，其中，出口增长
20.3%，进口增长24.9%，贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元，服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快，非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作，多边双边经贸关系继续深化。
        　　We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged
foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made
comprehensive improvements to China’s open economy. We actively pursued the
strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix. China’s total
volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%.
Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus
decreased further. Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion,
and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and
western regions. Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and
non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion. We actively
participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to
deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.
            
            

enthree

        　　我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的进展。
        　　We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system;
strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces; and in our work
related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.
        　　过去一年的成绩来之不易，显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力，增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢!向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢!向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢!
        　　Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the
strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and
have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation. We owe these
achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with
Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as
the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the
people of all ethnic groups in China. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to
sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties,
people’s organizations, and people from all sectors of society. I wish to
express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao
special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese. I
also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries,
international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show
understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.
        　　我们也清醒地看到，我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。从国际看，世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折，国际金融危机还在发展，一些国家主权债务危机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下，增长动力不足，新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动，大宗商品价格大幅震荡。国际贸易投资保护主义强化。从国内看，解决体制性结构性矛盾，缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大，经济运行中又出现不少新情况新问题。主要是：经济增长存在下行压力，物价水平仍处高位，房地产市场调控处于关键阶段，农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大，就业总量压力与结构性矛盾并存，一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多，部分行业产能过剩凸显，能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织，结构性因素和周期性因素相互作用，国内问题和国际问题相互关联，宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足，节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成;征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出，群众反映强烈;政府管理和服务水平有待提高，廉政建设亟需加强。
        　　We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges
in economic and social development. Internationally, the road to global economic
recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and
some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time
soon. The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and
they lack impetus for growth. Emerging economies face the dual pressures of
inflation and slowing economic growth. The exchange rates of major currencies
and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations.
Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting. Domestically,
it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and
structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and
unsustainable development. In addition, China’s economy is encountering new
problems. There is downward pressure on economic growth. Prices remain high.
Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage. It is getting harder
to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural
incomes. Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural
shortages of qualified personnel in some industries. Some enterprises,
especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their
operations. Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity. Total
energy consumption is growing excessively fast. Moreover, some long-term and
short-term problems are interwoven; structural and cyclical factors affect each
other; domestic and international problems have become interrelated; and our
macro-control work faces a more complex situation. There are still some
deficiencies and shortcomings in the government’s work. Targets for conserving
energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met. Problems
concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and
drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are
still very concerned about them. Government administration and services need to
be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.
        　　我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切实解决存在的问题，努力把各项工作做得更好，决不辜负人民的重托。
        　　We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and
the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do
all our work better, and truly live up to the people’s expectations.