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(五)大力实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
5. Vigorously implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country
through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country
through human resource development
科技、教育和人才是国家发展的基础和根本，必须始终放在重要的战略位置。
Science and technology, education and human resources are the foundation of
national development, and they must therefore always be given an important
strategic position.
坚持优先发展教育。推动教育事业科学发展，为人们提供更加多样、更加公平、更高质量的教育。2012年财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到4%。加快发展学前教育。公办民办并举，增加学前教育资源，抓紧解决“入园难”问题。
We will continue to give high priority to education. We will promote the
scientific development of education programs, and provide people with more
diverse, more equitable and higher-quality education. In 2012, government
spending on education will reach 4% of GDP. We will speed up the development of
preschool education. We will encourage both governmental and nongovernmental
bodies to provide preschool educational services in order to increase resources
and promptly solve problems concerning access to preschool education.
促进义务教育均衡发展。加强义务教育阶段学校标准化建设，公共资源配置重点向农村和城市薄弱学校倾斜。以流入地政府和公办学校为主，切实保障农民工随迁子女平等接受义务教育。支持民族地区教育发展，做好“双语”教学工作。全面推进素质教育。
We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education. We will
strengthen standardization in compulsory education schools, and ensure that the
allocation of public resources gives priority to rural schools and weak urban
schools. Relying mainly on local governments and public schools, we will
guarantee equal access to compulsory education for the children of rural migrant
workers who live in cities. We will support the development of education and
promote bilingual instruction in ethnic minority areas. We will comprehensively
promote well-rounded education.
加快教育改革，切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担，注重引导和培养孩子们独立思考、实践创新能力。保证中小学生每天一小时校园体育活动。
We will accelerate education reforms; genuinely lighten the school workload
of primary and secondary school students; and give high priority to guiding
students and fostering their ability to think independently, solve practical
problems and be innovative. We will ensure that primary and middle school
students do one hour of physical exercise in school every day.
大力发展职业教育。引导高中阶段学校和高等学校办出特色，提高教育质量，增强学生就业创业能力。加强重点学科建设，加快建设一批世界一流大学。支持特殊教育发展。落实和完善国家助学制度，无论哪个教育阶段，都要确保每个孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学。
We will vigorously develop vocational education. We will guide senior
secondary schools and universities to emphasize their unique features, raise the
quality of their teaching, and help their students to become better able to find
employment or start their own businesses. We will strengthen the development of
key disciplines and accelerate the development of a number of world-class
universities. We will support the development of special education. We will
implement and improve the government financial aid system for students and
ensure no children are obliged to discontinue schooling at any stage of
education due to their family’s financial difficulties.
全面加强人才工作。以高层次和高技能人才为重点，加快培养造就一大批创新型科技人才和急需紧缺人才。加大人才开发投入，推进重大人才工程。
We will comprehensively strengthen human resource development. With the
focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel, we will more quickly foster a
large number of innovative scientists and engineers and skilled workers who are
urgently needed and in short supply. We will invest more in human resource
development and carry out major projects to foster talented personnel.
深化选人用人制度改革，努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境，激励优秀人才脱颖而出，创造人尽其才的良好局面。
We will deepen the reform of the systems for selecting and employing
personnel; strive to create an equitable, open and competitive system as well as
social environment in which people are selected on their merits; encourage
outstanding people to emerge; and create an environment that encourages talented
people to tap their full potential.
大力推进科技创新。加快实施国家科技重大专项，突破一批核心关键技术，提升重大集成创新能力。加强基础研究、前沿技术研究，增强原始创新能力。推动建立企业主导技术研发创新的体制机制。
We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will
speed up the implementation of major national science and technology projects,
make breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and enhance our
capabilities to carry out major integrated innovation projects. We will
strengthen basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies and increase
our capacity for original innovation. We will give impetus to the establishment
of systems and mechanisms for enterprises to take the lead in R&D and
innovation.
鼓励企业共同出资开展关键共性技术研发，共担风险、共享成果，对符合国家战略方向的项目，政府要从政策和资金上给予支持。
We will encourage enterprises to undertake jointly funded R&D on key
generic technologies and share both risks and rewards. The government needs to
provide policy and financial support to projects in areas of national strategic
interests.
深化科技管理体制改革，促进科技资源优化配置、高效利用和开放共享。激励科研院所、高等学校和广大科技人员以多种形式与企业合作。保持财政科技投入稳定增长，提高科研经费使用效率。
We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology,
and promote the optimal allocation, efficient use and public sharing of
scientific and technological resources. We will provide incentives to research
institutes, universities, scientists and engineers to encourage them to
cooperate with enterprises in various ways. We will steadily increase government
spending on science and technology, and improve the performance of research
expenditures.
坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战略，提升知识产权的创造、应用、保护、管理能力，激发全社会创新活力。
We will unswervingly implement the national strategy on intellectual
property rights; improve our ability to create, apply, protect and manage them;
and arouse an innovative spirit throughout society.
(六)加强社会建设和保障改善民生
6. Strengthening social development and ensuring and improving the
wellbeing of the people
经济越发展，越要重视加强社会建设和保障改善民生。
The more the economy develops, the more attention we need to pay to
strengthening social development and ensuring and improving people’s
wellbeing.
千方百计扩大就业。继续实施更加积极的就业政策。今年中央财政拟投入423亿元，用于扶助和促进就业。要适应我国劳动力结构特点，大力发展劳动密集型产业、服务业、小型微型企业和创新型科技企业，努力满足不同层次的就业需求。
We will do everything in our power to expand employment. We will continue
to implement a more proactive employment policy. This year the central
government plans to invest 42.3 billion yuan to assist and promote employment.
In light of the workforce structure in China, we will energetically develop
labor-intensive industries, service industries, small and micro-businesses and
innovative high-tech enterprises, and strive to satisfy the employment needs of
different groups of people.
继续把高校毕业生就业放在首位，做好重点人群就业工作。加强职业技能培训，鼓励自主创业。加强公共就业服务，健全统一规范灵活的人力资源市场。加快就业信息网络建设，实现全国互联互通。加强劳动保障监察执法，完善劳动争议处理机制，依法维护劳动者权益，构建和谐劳动关系。
We will continue to give top priority to the employment of university
graduates and key groups. We will strengthen vocational training and encourage
people to start their own businesses. We will strengthen public services for
employment, and improve the unified, standardized and flexible human resources
market. We will more quickly develop job information networks and achieve
nationwide connectivity. We will strengthen the supervision and enforcement of
labor safeguards, improve mechanisms for resolving labor disputes, safeguard the
rights and interests of workers in accordance with the law, and build harmonious
labor relations.
合理调整收入分配关系。这既是一项长期任务，也是当前的紧迫工作。今年重点采取三方面措施：
We will adjust income distribution in a reasonable manner. This is both a
long-term task, and an urgent issue we need to address now. This year we will
concentrate on the following three measures.
一是着力提高城乡低收入群众的基本收入。稳步提高职工最低工资、企业退休人员基本养老金和城乡居民最低生活保障标准。建立健全职工工资正常增长机制，严格执行最低工资制度。
First, we will focus on increasing the basic incomes of low-income people
in both urban and rural areas. We will steadily increase the minimum wage of
workers, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, and subsistence allowances for
both urban and rural residents. We will establish a sound mechanism of regular
pay raises for workers and strictly enforce the minimum wage system.
二是加大收入分配调节力度。提高个人所得税工薪所得费用扣除标准，合理调整税率结构，切实减轻中低收入者税收负担。有效调节过高收入，加强对收入过高行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控，严格规范国有企业、金融机构高管人员薪酬管理。
Second, we will put more effort into adjusting income distribution. We will
raise the individual income tax threshold on salaries, reasonably adjust the tax
rate structure, and genuinely reduce the tax burden on low- and middle-income
people. We will effectively regulate excessively high incomes, strengthen the
dual controls on total wages and wage scales in industries in which incomes are
excessively high, and strictly standardize the management of executive pay and
bonuses in SOEs and financial institutions.
三是大力整顿和规范收入分配秩序。坚决取缔非法收入。加快建立收入分配监测系统。通过持续不断的努力，尽快扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势，努力使广大人民群众更多分享改革发展成果。
Third, we will vigorously overhaul and standardize income distribution. We
will resolutely prohibit illicit income. We will quickly establish a system for
monitoring income distribution. Through unremitting efforts, we will reverse the
trend of a widening income gap as soon as possible and ensure that the people
share more in the fruits of reform and development.
加快健全覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。将新型农村社会养老保险试点范围扩大到全国40%的县。推进城镇居民养老保险试点，解决集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题，建立企业退休人员基本养老金正常调整机制。积极推进机关和事业单位养老保险制度改革。将国有企业、集体企业“老工伤”人员纳入工伤保险制度。
We will accelerate the improvement of the social security system that
covers both urban and rural residents. We will extend the pilot project for the
new type of old-age insurance for rural residents to 40% of counties. We will
move forward with the trials of old-age insurance for urban residents, solve
longstanding problems concerning pensions for retirees of collectively owned
enterprises, and put in place a mechanism to regularly adjust the basic pensions
of enterprise retirees. We will actively press ahead with the reform of the
old-age insurance system for government agencies and institutions. We will
include employees of SOEs and collectively owned enterprises who suffer from old
work-related injuries in the workers’ compensation system.
完善城乡低保制度。继续多渠道增加社会保障基金。将孤儿养育、教育和残疾孤儿康复等纳入财政保障范围。继续推进残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系建设。加快推进社会保障管理信息化。发挥商业保险在完善社会保障体系中的作用。大力发展慈善事业。 |
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发表于 2016-7-11 09:32:24