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发表于 2016-7-9 20:03:26
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六、某些不定代词作主语时的主谓一致问题
1. someone, anyone, no one 等作主语
Someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作语,谓语动词用单数:
Someone is asking to see you. 有人找你。
Nobody is to blame for it. 这谁也不怨。
No one wants to read such books. 没有想看那样的书。
2. all 作主语
若指人,谓语通常用复数;若指事物或现象,谓语通常用单数:
All have gone home. 大家都走了。
All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。
比较:All is silent. 万籁俱寂。(指现象)
All are silent. 人人都沉默不语。(指具体的人)
注:若是“all of+名词”作主语,则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。
3. either和neither作主语
若是单独作主语,谓语动词用单数:
Neither was satisfactory. 两个都不令人满意。
The two guests have arrived, and either is welcome. 两位客人都到了,哪一位都受欢迎。
注:若是“either [neither] of+名词”作主语,则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体):
Neither of the two computers is [are] cheap. 这两台电脑都不便宜。
Is [Are] either of the boys ready? 两个男孩都准备好了吗?
I don’t think either of them is [are] at home. 我想他们俩个都会不在家。
4. each作主语或修饰主语
单独用作主语(或修饰主语),谓语用单数
Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来,每人提着一只箱子。
注:(1) 两个或多个“each+单数名词”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数。
(2) “each of+复数名词或代词”用作主语, 谓语一般要用单数
Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。
但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语,但很少见,学生宜慎用。
5. none (of) 作主语
若指不可数名词,谓语用单数;若指复数可数名词,谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体):
None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。
None of the boys like [likes] it. 这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。
6. 关于“one of+复数名词+定语从句”
在这一结构中,定语从句的谓语用复数取决于先行词是one还是其后的复数名词。 一般说来,在这类结构中,复数名词通常被认为是先行词(即定语从句谓语用复数),除非one of前有the (only) 修饰(此时定语从句的谓语用单数):
He is one of the people who were killed in the accident. 他是事故中丧命的人之一。
He is the only one of the people who was killed in the accident. 他是事故中唯一丧命的人。
七、其他问题
1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语
谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则):
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语
此时谓语动词用复数:
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词
其后的动词形式取决介词前主语:
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母之外没有知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
4. means作主语
名词means(方法)单数与复数同形,用作主语时,其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语):
These means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
若没有特定的修饰语或语境,则用单数或复数谓语均可:
There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?
八、重点考点原创精练
1. The boys and the girls each ____ to do something different, which ____the teacher uneasy.
A. want, make B. wants, makes C. want, makes D. wants, make
2. More than one student _____ read the novels, which _____ written by David.
A. has, was B. have, were C. has, were D. have, was
3. In fact, ______ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is B. cattle are C. cattles are D. the cattles are
4. The ______ so much alike that I can’t tell which is which.
A. twin looks B. twins look C. twin look D. twins looks
5. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _____ some green trees.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
6. Every boy and girl _____ the book and they each _____ to buy one.
A. like, want B. likes, wants C. likes, want D. like, wants
7. Nobody but Betty and Mary _____ late for class yesterday.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
8. The teacher as well as the students _____ the book already. They know it well.
A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading
9. The city is not very big. One or two days _____ enough to see it.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
10. Not the teacher, but the students _____ looking forward ______ the film.
A. is, to see B. are, to see C. is to seeing D. are, to seeing
参考答案:1—5 CABBC 6—10 CAAAD |
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