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万圣节是西方传统节日。万圣节前夜，当夜幕降临，孩子们穿上五颜六色的化妆服，戴上千奇百怪的面具。有的披上漆黑长衫，骑着“魔帚”，扮作女巫;有的裹上白床单装鬼;有的戴上画有骷髅旗的帽子扮成海盗……
Next to Christmas, Halloween is the most commercialized celebration in the
United States and Canada. This ancient festival originated far from North
America however, and centuries before the first European set foot on the
continent.
The ancient Druids 督伊德教(古代高卢人与不列颠人的一种宗教)的教徒 who inhabited what we now call
Great Britain placed great importance on the passing of one season to the next,
holding "Fire Festivals" which were celebrated for three days (two days on
either side of the day itself).
One of these festivals was called Samhain (pronounced Sha-Von) and it took
place on October 31 through to November 1. During this period, it was believed
that the boundaries between our world and the world of the dead were weakened,
allowing spirits of the recently dead to cross over and possess the living.
In order to make themselves and their homes less inviting to these wayward
spirits, the ancient Celts(凯尔特人)would douse (插入水中, 把弄熄, 弄湿)all their fires.
There was also a secondary purpose to this, after extinguishing all their fires,
they would re-light them from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept
burning at Usinach, in the Middle of Ireland.
Samhain was considered to be a gateway not only from the land of the dead
to the land of the living, but also between Summer and Fall/Winter. For the
Druids, this was the last gasp (喘息, 气喘)of summer (it was also the Celtic New
Year), so therefore they made sure it went out with a bang before they had to
button down (把...弄清楚)for the winter ahead.
They would dress up in bizarre costumes and parade through their villages
causing destruction in order to scare off any recently departed souls who might
be prowling (巡游)for bodies to inhabit, in addition to burning animals and other
offerings to the Druidic deities(神, 神性). It is also a popular belief that they
would burn people who they believed to be possessed, but this has largely been
debunked (揭穿, 拆穿假面具, 暴露)as myth.
This yearly festival was adopted by the Roman invaders, who helped to
propagate (传播, 宣传)it throughout the rest of the world (and at that time, the
Roman Empire was the world). The word "Halloween" itself actually comes from a
contraction of All Hallows Eve, or All Saint's Day (November 1), which is a
Catholic day of observance in honor of saints.
This tradition was later brought to the North American continent by Irish
immigrants who were escaping the Potato Famine in their homeland. In addition to
the festival itself, the immigrants brought several customs with them, including
one of the symbols most commonly associated with Halloween -- the Jack 'O
Lantern.
According to Irish folklore, there once lived a man named Jack who was
known for being a drunk and a prankster(顽皮的人, 爱开玩笑的人). One night Jack tricked
the devil into climbing a tree, and quickly carved an image of a cross on the
trunk, trapping the devil. Jack then made him promise that, in exchange for
letting him out of the tree, the Devil would never tempt him to sin again. He
reluctantly agreed, but was able to exact his revenge upon Jack's death. Because
of his mischievous ways in life, Jack was barred from entering heaven and
because of his earlier trick, he was also barred from hell. So he was doomed to
wander the earth until the end of time, with only a single ember(灰烬, 余烬)
(carried in a hollowed out turnip.[植]芜箐, 芜箐甘蓝) to warm him and light his
way.
In Ireland, they originally also used turnips for their "Jack Lanterns",
but upon arriving in the new world, they discovered that pumpkins were abundant
and easier to carve out. |
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发表于 2016-7-10 18:32:54