外媒看中国：中国阅兵“角度多样 情绪复杂”

英语自学网

　　中国将于9月3日在北京举行纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年大会。这是继2009年纪念建国60周年之后的首次举行阅兵仪式，也是每一次在非国庆的时间举行的阅兵仪式，意义非凡。外媒自然也很关注。在8月23日，阅兵进行了彩排，外媒也纷纷进行了报道。从外媒的报道中，可以看出他们对于中国这一次规模盛大的阅兵的解读，同时也能感觉到他们的一些异样情绪。
        　　整体看来，外媒普遍认为此次阅兵目的包括：第一，展示中国的强大军力，加强对东海和南海领土主权的声索;第二，提醒全世界日本曾经犯下的罪行，将日本推向尴尬处境;第三，主要针对国内民众，试图借阅兵增强民族凝聚力和认同感。此外，还有媒体关注演练期间政府管制措施被批扰民引不满。
       
       

124562739.jpg

       
        　　美联社8月23日发表了题为China rehearses for military parade with fighter jets, troops
from Russia, Cuba
(来自俄罗斯等国的战斗机和军队参加了中国阅兵彩排)的报道。这篇报道显示出了美联社对中国阅兵活动的一种复杂，甚至矛盾的角度。一方面，他们承认中国阅兵的合法性和正义性，但在另一方面却自以为看到了阅兵是在展示肌肉(muscle)，向邻国以及在领土争端方面显示强硬立场。这种联想力确实是吸引了民众的眼球，但合理性和目的却令人质疑。
        　　文章在体现上述的复杂和矛盾心态方面，以下的报道内容就可见一斑：：
        　　The Sept. 3 parade will showcase the People's Liberation Army's rapidly
growing capabilities at a time when Beijing is asserting territorial claims in
the South China Sea and East China Sea.
        　　在中国对东海及南海领土宣称主权之际，9月3日的阅兵将展示中国人民解放军力量的快速增长。
        　　China says the parade is about marking the 70th anniversary of Japan's
World War II surrender and demonstrating its commitment to peace. But it comes
as other governments are expressing unease at Beijing's confrontational stance
toward territorial disputes. That has made taking part in the event politically
charged.
        　　中国称此次阅兵目的在于纪念抗战胜利70周年，并展现维护世界和平的坚定立场。但与此同时，其他国家政府表达了对北京在领土争端中强硬姿态的担忧。这也使得外国军队参加此次阅兵在政治上的气氛很紧张。
        　　美联社还援引了新华社的报道，指出了这次阅兵的庞大规模以及展示的武器装备类型。
        　　More than 10,000 Chinese military personnel with more than 500 vehicles and
some 200 aircraft took part in the rehearsal, the official Xinhua News Agency
reported.The Chinese military plans to show seven types of long-, intermediate-
and short-range missiles at the parade, Xinhua said. It cited a military
official as saying 84 percent of armaments to be displayed have not been shown
in public previously.
       
       

124562805.jpg

       
        　　英国的《卫报》在阅兵彩排前的8月21日发表题为'Old-school tub-thumping': 12,000 Chinese troops
prepare for WW2
parade(12000名中国军人为抗战大阅兵做准备)的报道文章。文章认为，本次阅兵的目标并非是邻国或针对领土争端，而是国内民众，以增强他们民族认同感(Chinese
national identity)。
        　　《卫报》的这篇文章援引了一些专家的论点解读中国阅兵的意图：
        　　1、It is an attempt to pile political pressure on regional rival Japan –
with whom Beijing is embroiled in a festering territorial dispute in the East
China Sea – by reminding the world of the horrific crimes its troops committed
during the war years.
        　　与邻国关系以及领土争端问题，这与美联社的报道具有内在的一致性。
        　　2、It is intended to use the country’s increasingly sophisticated military
capabilities to flex China’s muscles on the world stage.
        　　希望展现中国强大军事实力，似乎中国在走传统世界强国的“老路”。
        　　3、Xi’s key target audience is the Chinese public. “It seems to me that the
whole thing is really for internal consumption and is really part and parcel of
this ramping up of the nationalist rhetoric in the story that Xi and co are
pushing,” said Nick Bisley, the executive director of La Trobe Asia. “You are
not doing this to impress the Pentagon.”
        　　澳大利亚拉筹伯大学教授Nick
Bisley认为，这次的阅兵主要针对国内民众，一是提升国内的消费，二是推动民族主义情绪不可或缺的一部分。这与让美国受惊无关。
        　　牛津大学Dickson Poon China Centre的教授Rana Mitter则指出了中国阅兵的内涵，即there was a genuine
desire among many Chinese to see their country’s contribution to the allied
victory recognized.(中国人渴望西方国家承认中国对抗战胜利作出的贡献)，同时政府希望借此增强民族凝聚力(idea of Chinese
national identification)和认同感(idea of identity)。
            
            

enfour

        　　“[There is] this very strong sense that China’s contribution to the war
effort is pretty much unknown in the west and underappreciated…But for me the
emphasis [of the parade] is overwhelmingly domestic. It is very, very much about
trying to solidify and put substance behind this growing idea of Chinese
national identification: the idea of identity being created through the glorious
events of the relatively recent past of which the second world war has become
one.”
       

124563573.jpg

        　　《南华早报》的观点也与美联社的类似。在 8月22日发表的Made in China: Beijing to show off 100s of new
weapons at grand memorial war parade as rehearsals get under
way报道中称，此次阅兵被普遍视作高调展示中国人民解放军快速增长的力量，而且正值中国在东海及南海争议海域更为积极地宣称主权之际。
        　　中国的行动促使邻国关注加强自身军事力量，并促使美国恪守对区域盟国的承诺。文章用澳门军事观察员黄东(Antony Wong
Dong)的话指出，中国正以史无前例的速度发展新型武器，阅兵式将令公众确信中国军队力量的增长。
        　　Macau-based military observer Antony Wong Dong said China was developing
new arms at an unprecedented rate."There is no doubt about the fast-growing
armament industry," Wong said."New weapons come out every week. This parade will
affirm to the public the military's growing capability."
        　　不过，《华盛顿邮报》集团下的英石网站(Quartz.com)在8月26日刊登了一篇华人Zheping
Huang写的文章。该文章指出，在二战结束70年后，亚洲和欧洲对于这场战争的纪念方式完全不同：
        　　The parade, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II,
will take place on Sept. 3, a newly created holiday to celebrate the allied
forces victory over Japan. While Europe’s (arguably mostly successful) post-WWII
reunification strategy might be summed up as “don’t mention the war,” in Asia
unifying forces have lost out to rising nationalism in recent years. China’s
plans to commemorate the “War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression as well
as the World Anti-Fascist War” will be Xi Jinping’s first non-National Day
parade since being declared president.
        　　外媒还报道了为了保证阅兵活动的安全，政府采取的一些措施对北京民众的生活造成了一些不便。石英的文章甚至用了Forbidden
City这样的小标题，夸张地描写这些措施造成的影响。
        　　1、During last weekend’s rehearsal, they were inconvenienced by the shutdown
of roads, railway stations, and shopping streets, and a ban on hotel
reservations and art events. The same restrictions will be in effect again on
Sept. 3. Besides the city’s two airports, some public parks, wireless internet,
and radio signals near the parade site will also be shut down on that day.
        　　2、Beijing has banned aerial activities including light-weight helicopters,
gliders, hot air balloons and aerostats from Aug. 22 to Sept. 4, state-run news
agency Xinhua reported.
        　　3、Starting on Aug. 20, private vehicle drivers will alternate days they can
use Beijing’s roads, based on whether their license plates end with even or odd
number. Most government vehicles are also banned entirely. Starting Aug. 28,
some 10,000 factories will be shut down or reduce production, and over 40,000
construction sites will be closed in Beijing and its surrounding provinces,
        　　此外，北京市政府采取的限制措施甚至包括禁止出售无人机(drones)，快递包裹要实名制(Anonymous package deliveries
are also forbidden in the city)，小型商业企业(如餐馆)推出了“show your
ID”policy。当然，北京各个区的“人民群众”(local
residents)也都调动(mobilizing)起来，在大街小巷巡逻(patrol):
        　　The Beijing government has mobilized 850,000 citizens to patrol the city to
ensure safety ahead of the parade. They will be sent to “every street, every
alley” to look for signs of “security hazards” and report them to police.
        　　这些措施其他也有另外一个附带的好处，就是北京的天空继“APEC Blue”之后出现了“Parade
Blue”。《中国日报》对此进行了报道，并为“阅兵蓝”正名。
        　　According to a report by the environment protection authority, Beijing's
PM2.5 index remained excellent for six days from Aug 20 to Aug 25, and the media
has called the blue sky in Beijing during this period "parade blue".
        　　北京市环保局的一份报告显示，20日至25日，北京PM2.5浓度连续6天一级优。媒体称这段时间的蓝天为“阅兵蓝”。