说三遍“塔拉格”可休妻 印度穆斯林妇女苦不堪言！

英语自学网

　　India’s Muslim women fight to end triple talaq law that yields instant
divorce
        　　印度穆斯林妇女争取结束可当场休妻的三道塔拉格法
       

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        　　导读：In India, Muslim women’s lives are being ruined because men can end
marriages simply by saying ‘talaq’ three times – even on social media
        　　在印度，因为穆斯林男人说三遍“塔拉格”就可以轻松休妻——即使是在社交媒体上也算数，穆斯林妇女的生活由此被毁。
        　　Nishat Hussain, left, with colleagues and clients at her office of Muslim
women’s rights group BMMA in Jaipur, India. Photograph: Amrit Dhillon
        　　Every time Nishat Hussain gets into a fight with religious leaders about
women’s rights under Islam, she hits the same wall. They say the rules governing
women are sanctioned by scripture and therefore cannot be altered. She says they
are sanctioned by custom and most certainly can be.
        　　每次妮莎特·侯赛因因为伊斯兰教妇女权益的问题和宗教领袖吵起来的时候，她都撞上同一堵墙。他们说管理妇女的规定是经文里允许的，因此不能被修改。她回应道这些规定是习俗允许的，所以绝对可以更改。
        　　Hussain finds this divide most frustrating when she is defending divorced
women who come to her office near the overcrowded ironmonger’s bazaar in Jaipur.
These women have experienced triple talaq, under which a Muslim man can repeat
the word “talaq” three times and his wife stands divorced. No questions, no
reasons. All objections overruled.
        　　被离婚的妇女穿过人山人海的斋浦尔市铁匠集市，来到侯赛因的办公室，每次侯赛因为这些妇女辩护的时候她都感到这种意见的分歧让人灰心丧气。这些妇女都经历过三个塔拉格，即穆斯林男人重复“说塔拉格”三次，就能休掉他的妻子。无需解释，无需理由。一切反抗都没用。
        　　On an overcast but muggy day, with the endless honking and hum of the pink
city’s insanely congested roads in the background, Rani Khan, 25, sits in
Hussain’s office with her daughter, Zeinab, four, on her lap.
        　　这一天多云且闷热，冉妮·堪，25岁，坐在侯赛因的办公室里。坐在她膝上的是泽耐博，她四岁的女儿，背后是堵得一塌糊涂的街道，喇叭轰鸣声在粉城没玩没了得响着。
        　　For years, she claims, her unemployed husband demanded that she get money
from her parents to finance his drinking. “He used to threaten to kill Zeinab if
I refused,” claimed Khan.
        　　堪说，她丈夫失业好几年了，总是让她从她父亲那里拿钱养活他喝酒。“如果我拒绝，他会威胁杀了泽耐博。
        　　“Then one day, he shouted talaq three times and forced me out of the
house.” She now lives with her father, who is paralysed, her mother, six sisters
and Zeinab, making a living from fabric painting.
        　　然后有一天，他喊了三声塔拉格，把我赶出房子。”她现在和她瘫痪的父亲、母亲、六个姐妹和泽耐博生活在一起，以手绘布料养家糊口。
        　　When desperate women like Khan rush to local clerics for justice, they are
told that instant divorce is permitted under Islamic law. Their next port of
call is the office of the Muslim women’s rights group the Bharatiya Muslim
Mahila Andolan (Indian Muslim women’s welfare movement or BMMA). Hussain heads
the Jaipur office and is well known locally for her work with poor, vulnerable
women and efforts to reform aspects of Islam.
        　　像堪一样的妇女冲到当地神职人员寻求公正时，她们得到的答案一般都是这种当场离婚是受到伊斯兰法律允许的。她们的下一个驿站是穆斯林妇女权益组织的办公室(印度穆斯林妇女福益或BMMA)。侯赛因领导斋浦尔市的办公室，她为贫穷弱势的妇女以及伊斯兰部分改革做出的工作在当地家喻户晓。
            
            

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        　　Since it was set up in 2007, the BMMA has been campaigning for a ban on
triple talaq, calling it a travesty of divorce as envisaged in the Qur’an, where
the word has to be pronounced on three separate occasions spread over three
months and must be accompanied by efforts at reconciliation.
        　　BMMA自2007年成立以来，一直为禁止三道塔拉格而斗争，理由是他们认为这是对古兰经中描述的离婚的一种扭曲。在古兰经中这个字必须在三个不同的场合说出，并且跨越三个月的时间长度，必须在过程中尝试和解。
        　　Try telling that to men like Nooran Nisa’s husband, who divorced her four
months after their marriage. “All Muslim women are haunted by this word,” Nisa
said. “During fights, I used to argue back but if it got too heated, I stopped
because I was frightened my husband might say talaq.”
        　　可以试着和诺兰·妮萨的丈夫讲这个道理。他在结婚四个月以后就休了她。“所有穆斯林妇女都被这个字折磨。”妮萨说：“以前吵架，我就经常还嘴，但是如果吵得太凶，我就不敢再说，因为我怕我丈夫会说塔拉格。”
        　　Nisa, 35, was never to hear those words, but after kicking her out of the
house, her husband sent her a letter with talaq written in it three times, she
claims.
        　　妮萨，35岁，之前从来没听到过这个词，但是她说，她丈夫把她撵出家门后，给她寄了一封写了三遍塔拉格的信。
        　　When her husband threw Jahan Ara, 40, out of the house a year ago, after 15
years of marriage, he kept their three children. He has not yet divorced her.
“I’ve inherited some property so that’s why he hasn’t divorced me. He’s got his
eyes on it,” she claimed at the BMMA offices.
        　　加菡·阿若，40岁，一年前在结婚15年后被她丈夫赶出家门，他扣留了三个孩子，还没有和她离婚。“我继承了一些财产，所以他还没和我离婚。他想得到这些财产。”她向BMMA办公室诉说。
        　　In India, which has a Muslim minority, Muslim men have sent triple talaq by
text, email, Facebook, Skype and WhatsApp. The reasons vary from not liking the
wife’s dyed hair to her cooking.
        　　穆斯林在印度为少数，穆斯林男人曾用过短信、电邮、脸书、Skype和WhatsApp的形式发过三道塔拉格。理由从不喜欢妻子染的头发到烹饪技术不等。
        　　At a civil court, Nisa was told by a judge that the instant divorce was
valid as it was permitted to Muslim men under Muslim personal law, or the
sharia.
        　　在民事法庭上，一个法官告诉妮萨，穆斯林个人法或叫穆斯林教教法允许穆斯林男人这样做，所以当场离婚是有效的。
        　　Hussain and her colleagues across India have failed to persuade their
community to ban triple talaq. But recently they received a boost: a government
committee set up in 2013 to look into women’s status has recommended that the
government should outlaw it.
        　　侯赛因和全印度的同行们不能说服他们的族裔禁止三道塔拉格。但是最近他们收到了好消息：政府在2013年设立查看妇女地位的委员会已经推荐政府禁止这一做法。
        　　In its report , released last month, it says the custom “makes wives
extremely vulnerable and insecure regarding their marital status”.
        　　在该委员会上月发表的报告中提到这种习俗“让妻子的婚姻地位极其脆弱和岌岌可危”。
        　　The recommendation has been sent to the ministry of women and child
development, which will hold consultations with civic and religious groups
before a final decision is taken.
        　　这项建议已经送往妇女和儿童发展部，他们会和民事组织、宗教组织商讨，再做出最后决定。
        　　Hussain says that, had her husband been alive, he would have supported the
ban. “He was a feminist. He totally supported my efforts to protect Muslim women
against abuse,” she said.
        　　侯赛因说，如果她丈夫还活着，一定会支持这项禁令的。“他是一个女性主义者。他特别支持我保护穆斯林妇女不受到虐待。”她说。
        　　Muslim scholars such as Professor Tahir Mahmood, an internationally
recognised expert on sharia law, will also support a ban. He recently told
Scroll, an Indian news website,that “ignorance, obstinacy, blind belief in
religion and morbid religiosity are undoubtedly the factors” responsible for
triple talaq being allowed in India.
        　　国际公认的穆斯林教教法专家塔尔·马哈穆德和其他穆斯林学者支持禁令。他最近告诉一家印度新闻网站Scroll说，“无知、顽固、盲目崇信宗教以及病态的笃信无疑是三道塔拉格在印度横行的原因。”
        　　“Why should India be sticking to this seventh-century law?” he said.
        　　“印度为什么要遵守一个七世纪的法律?”他问。
        　　The reason is because India does not have a uniform civil code that applies
to all Indians. Instead, each religious community is allowed to have its own
laws governing marriage and divorce and consequently Muslims are allowed to
follow sharia.
        　　原因是印度没有统一的民事法则可以统领所有印度人。而是每个宗教团体都可以有各自管理结婚和离婚的法律，所以穆斯林可以被允许遵循穆斯林教教法。
        　　A government ban on triple talaq will be opposed by clerics and
conservative organisations, such as the powerful All India Muslim Personal Law
Board. The board, aware of how women’s lives are destroyed by triple talaq, is
trying to impose restrictions on its use by suggesting that efforts at
reconciliation must be mandatory. It is also toying with the idea of a heavy
fine for men who indulge in it.
        　　政府对三道塔拉格的禁令会遭到神职人员以及保守派组织的反对，比如强大的全印度穆斯林个人法委员会。该委员会，知晓三道塔拉格如何摧毁妇女的生活，试图以强制调解婚姻的行为限制塔拉格的使用。他们还在玩弄“重罚滥用塔拉格男人”的概念。
        　　But spokesman Mohammed Abdul Rahim Qureshi said the board could not support
a government ban. “For one, we don’t want the government to interfere in matters
of Muslim personal law and for another, triple talaq is permitted under the
hadith [the prophet Muhammad’s sayings],” he said.
        　　但是发言人默罕默德·阿卜杜尔·瑞茵姆·克什说委员会不可能支持政府的禁令。“首先，我们不想让政府参与到穆斯林个人法的事务之中，其次，三道塔拉格是是圣训(先知穆罕默德的言行录)允许的。”
        　　That kind of remark makes Hussain, an otherwise calm, soft-spoken woman,
furious. “For the women I see in my office – hardworking women, good wives and
good mothers – this is just plain and simple cruelty.”
        　　这种评论让平时冷静、轻柔的侯赛因怒火中烧：“对于我在办公室里接见到的妇女来说——这些妇女都是努力工作的好妻子、好妈妈——这毫无意义，只是冷酷无情。”
        　　(原文请见http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/aug/10/india-muslim-women-fight-triple-talaq-law-instant-divorce)
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