语言学：英语知多少之英语中的格（2）

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　　⒉在比较结构里，连接词"as"或"than"后面，按理用主格式，但在口语中，人们常用宾格形式，学美式英语者，更是如此：
　　(8)
　　a. You did as well as she.
　　b. You did as well as her.
　　(9)
　　a. I am older than he.
　　b. I am older than him.
　　(a)和(b)两种说法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话，这时的人称代词，就必须是主格，如下：
　　(10)You did as well as she did.
　　(11)I am older than he is .
　　此外，还有一点要注意，就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好，用宾格也可，但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b)：
　　(12)
　　a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
　　b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
　　(12)a和b都被接受，但(12)a等于(13)a，而(12)b等于(13)b：
　　(13)
　　a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
　　b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
　　显然，这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形，为了避免误解，不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说，必要的话，要用(13)这句子。
　　不然，把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可：
　　(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
　　(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.