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发表于 2016-7-9 19:20:09
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3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
(1)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge,admit ,dislike, advocate,complete,appreciate
,avoid,enjoy,delay,escape,deny
例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years
ago.
我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(2)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
① forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做),forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
② stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事。stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
③ remember to do 记住去做某事(未做),remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
④ regret to do对要做的事遗憾,regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
⑤ try to do努力、企图做某事,try doing试验、试一试某种办法
⑥ mean to do打算,有意要…,mean doing意味着
4. 不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
① 现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
② 过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
5. 非谓语动词常考的其它结构
(1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
(2)不带to的不定式
① 在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。
这类词有: feel observe overhear watch listen to perceive notice see look at
hear
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and
went on the rescue.
② 另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想让你知道我病了。
上述感觉动词与使意动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,
The boy was made to go to bed early.
③ 在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。
例如:Last night I did nothing but watch TV.
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带to。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.
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(实习编辑:刘子畅)
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