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英语近义词辨析:4个表示花费的词

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发表于 2016-7-9 17:51:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  Spend . Expend . Cost . Pay
          以上四个词和“消费”、“花费”和“消耗”有关。
          ●首先,spend主要做及物动词使用,其宾语可以是“钱”、“时间”或“精力”。
          Every year, she spends a lot of money on clothes.
          女孩,您用生命买衣服啊。
          We’ve just spent 1.9 million on improving our computer network.
          笔者回想起在老东家有一段时期几十个电脑共享1MB带宽的工作环境,何其辛苦!
          I’ve spent an hour in the station waiting for the train.
          各位瞅仔细了,spend [money] on doing sth.但是spend [time] doing sth.这就是区别。雅思考官各个鹰眼犀利,可别范怂。
          My sister always spends ages in the bathroom.
          我姐姐洗澡总是洗很久很久。
          I want to live in a dormitory to spend time with my school friends.
          For the past month, he’s spending all the energy trying to find a job.
          此外,spend并非大家想象的只能由人或机构做主语:
          Her anger soon spent itself (=stopped). 她只生了一会气。
          ●expend的用法和spend差不多,比expend更为正式,可以用于雅思写作;
          You expend so much effort for so little return.
          你还真是入不敷出。
          Governments expend a lot of resources on war.
          政府在战争上投入很多资源。
          ●cost的用法与spend, expend不同。cost的主语一般是花出去的钱、时间和精力的对象。
          I cost 30 dollars for the board game. X
          The board game costs me 30 dollars.√
          I spend 30 dollars for the board game.√
          One costs more money running a business than buying a house. X
          Running a business costs more money than buying a house.√
          It costs more money to run a business than to buy a house.√
          (因为这句话的主语是不定式to run a business,所以它被放在谓语和宾语后面,主语用it代替)
          ●pay的用法。pay强调“付款”,也有pay [money] for sth.这样一看就懂的用法
          You have to pay four dollars for each hamburger.
          当然pay还有很多其他用法。
          Mum paid for my driving lessons./Mum paid me for the driving lessons.
          妈妈帮我付了学开车的钱。
          Ray paid some kids to wash his car.
          Ray花钱叫几个小孩来洗他的车。
          Ray paid the kids 10 dollars to wash his car.
          Ray花10美元叫这孩子洗他车。
          A savings plan that paid six percent interest
          一个6%利息的储蓄方案
          It pays to be honest. (= It is good to be honest)
          William is now paying the price for his early mistakes.
          威廉姆现在在为他之前的错误买单。
          I decide to pay my folks a visit this weekend.
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