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发表于 2016-7-9 19:32:34
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7. 你会用关系代词as吗
Don’t make friends with such young men ______ don’t work hard.
A. that B. as C. who D. they
此题应选B。容易误选A, C。句中的as是关系代词, 句意为:不要跟工作不努力的人交朋友。此句也可换成:
正:Don’t make friends with young men who [that] don’t work hard.
正:Don’t make friends with those young men who [that] don’t work hard.
as用作关系代词(用作主语或宾语), 主要用法如下:
1. 用在such, same, as等之后, 引导限制性定语从句:
Don’t talk about such things as you don’t under-stant. 不要谈你不懂的东西。
Such men as (= Those men who) heard him praisedhim. 听过他谈话的人都称赞他。
I told him the same story as you told me. 我给他讲的故事与你给我讲的故事一样。
2. 单独用作关系代词, 引导非限制性定语从句, 可放在主句之前(常译为“正如”)或之后(常译为“这一点”):
As has been said before, grammar is not a set ofdead rules. 正如前面所说, 语法不是一套死规则。
He was a foreigner, as (=which) I knew from hisaccent. 他是个外国人, 这从他的口音可以得知。
If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, wewill not receive him. 如果他再像以往那样迟到, 我们就不接待他了。
8. the way后可接how引导的定语从句吗
That is ______ the boy spoke to the teacher.
A. how B. the way how C. that D. which
此题应选 A。容易误选B。误认为the way(表方式)后应接how引导的定语从句(因为how可用来表方式)。
其实考生只要回忆一下我们学过的关系副词便知道:在现代英语中关系副词只有when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因)等几个, 根本没有how这个关系副词, 所以它自然就不能引导定语从句。要表示类似本题的意思, 可用以下句型:
那就是他说话的样子。
正:That’s how he spoke. (表语从句)
正:That’s the way he spoke.
正:That’s the way (that) he spoke.
正:That’s the way (in which) he spoke.
误:That’s the way how he spoke.
我不喜欢他那样笑她。
正:I don’t like the way he laughs at her.
正:I don’t like the way(that) he laughs at her.
正:I don’t like the way (in which) he laughs at her.
误:I don’t like the way how he laughs at her.
他同我们说话的方式值得怀疑。
正:The way he spoke to us was suspicious.
正:The way (that) he spoke to us was suspicious.
正:The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
误:The way how he spoke to us was suspicious.
9. whose可以指物吗
I saw some trees ______ leaves were black with disease.
A. its B. whose C. his D. the
此题应选B。容易误选A。许多考生认为, 关系代词whose和who, whom一样, 只能指人, 不能指物。
事实上, 用作关系代词的 whose 与 who, whom不一样, 它不仅可以指人也可以指物(用作定语):
There are some students whose questions I can’tanswer. 有些学生的问题我不能回答。
Can you see the mountain whose top is coveredwith snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗?
Here is a word whose meaning escapes me. 这里有一个词, 我一下想不起它是什么意思了。
当先行词为物时, 其后引导定语从句的 whose+n. 也可换成 the+n. +of which / ofwhich+the+n. :
窗户破了的那座房子是空的。
正:The house whose windows are broken is empty.
正:The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
正:The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
但是如果 whose所修饰的名词中心词之前有数词或其它限定词, 则不用 whose, 而用of which:
There I saw a large talbe, two legs of which were broken. 在那里我看见有一张大桌子, 其中有两条腿断了。
10. 不要在定语从句使用与关系代词同义的人称代词
—This is the book that I have read ______ dozens of times.
—But I have never read ______.
A. it, × B. ×, it C. it, it D. ×, ×
此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 thebook 的定语从句, 此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语, 因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。
在做有关定语从句的试题时, 考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词:
我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。
误:The film we saw it last night was wonderful.
正:The film we saw last night was wonderful.
刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁?
误:Who’s the man you just talked to him?
正:Who’s the man you just talked to?
你昨天借给我的书很有趣。
误:The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting.
正:The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting.
他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。
误:He is the man whose his wife died last year.
正:He is the man whose wife died last year.
11. 要分清是定语从句还是其它从句
—Is this room ______ he lived in last year?
—Is this the room ______ he lived in last year?
A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that
此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析, 我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置):
(1) This room is _____ he lived in last year.
(2) This is the room ____he lived in last year.
第1)句填the one, 用作表语, 其后的 (that) he livedin last year是用以修饰the one 的定语从句。此句若直接填that, 则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词), 而是表语从句。
但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句了成分, 而其后的介词in又缺宾语, 所以导致错误。
第2)句填 that, 它是关系代词, 用以引导定语从句(he lived in last year)修饰the room。
请做以下类例试题:
(1) —Is this the book _____ you want to buy?
—Is this book _____ you want to buy?
A. that, that B. the one, the one
C. that, the one D. the one, that
(2) —Is this room ___ he lived in 5 years ago?
—Is this the room ___ he lived in 5 years ago?
A. that, that B. the one, the one
C. that, the one D. the one, that
答案:1. C 2. D
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