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发表于 2016-7-9 18:56:49
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4. 如何区分引导名词性从句的what / that
—I think ______ he needs is more practice.
—Yes. ______ he needs more practice is clear.
A. what, What B. that, That C. what, That D. that, What
此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that 都可以引导名词性从句, 但有区别:
1. what引导名词从句时, 它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等), 而that引导名词从句时, 它在从句中不能充当句子成分。
2. what引导名词从句时, 它有词义(表示:什么;所……的[东西]);而that引导名词从句时, 它没有词义。
请做以下试题, 注意区别what和that:
1. ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us.
A. What, what B. That, that
C. What, that D. That, what
2. —I think ____ he said is true.
—But don’t forget the fact ____he is a cheat.
A. what, what B. that, that
C. what, that D. that, what
3. ____ surprised us most is ____he spoke Egnlishso well.
A. What, what B. That, that
C. What, that D. That, what
答案:1. C 2. C 3. C
5. whatever与no matter what
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ her or she wants.
A. whatever B. no matter what C. whenever D. no matter when
此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C, D显然是错的, 因为句中的wants缺宾语, 而C, D两项不能作宾语。至于C, D 的区别, 可这样描述:no matter what只能引导状语从句, 而不引导名词性从句。而whatever 既可引导名词性从句(=anythingthat), 也可引导状语从句(=no matter what):
1. 引导名词性从句(只用whatever):
无论他做什么都是对的。
正:Whatever he did was right.
误:No matter what he did was right.
无论他说什么似乎都有道理。
正:Whatever he says sounds reasonable.
误:No matter what he says sounds reasonable.
山羊找到什么就吃什么。
正:Goats eat whatever they find.
误:Goats eat no matter what they find.
2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用):
无论你说什么, 我都不会相信你。
正:Whatever you say, I won’t believe you.
正:No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.
无论发生什么, 都要保持镇定。
正:Keep calm, whatever happens.
正:Keep calm, no matter what happens.
6. whoever与no matter who
I will give the ticket to ______ wants it.
A. whoever B. no matter who C. whatever D. no matter what
此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C, D都是错的, 因为从句意上看, “想要票的”应该是“人”(whoever)而不能是“东西”(whatever)。至于为什么选 whoever 而不选no matterwho, 这要从它们在句中引导的成分说起:
no matter who通常只能引导状语从句, 而不能引导名词性从句。而 whoever 既可引导名词性从句(= anyone that)也可引导状语从句(=no matter who):
1. 引导名词性从句(只用whoever):
谁想去我就带谁去。
正:I’ll take whoever wants to go.
误:I’ll take no matter who wants to go.
谁赢了都可以获奖。
正:Whoever wins gets a prize.
误:No matter who wins gets a prize.
不管这话是谁对你说的, 他都是在撒谎。
正:Whoever told you that was lying.
误:No matter who told you that was lying.
2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用):
不管是谁打电话来, 都说我出去了。
正:Whoever phones, tell them I’m out.
正:No matter who phones, tell them I’m out.
不管是谁这样说, 那都是错的。
正:Whoever says so, it is wrong.
正:No matter who says so, it is wrong.
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