双语：受气候变化冲击最大的国家是哪些？

英语自学网

　　The US will be hit harder than almost any other country by climate change,
according to a major new report.
        　　一份新的重要报告称，美国受气候变化的影响将比几乎任何其他国家都大。
        　　The research is the first time that researchers have developed a reliable
set of data that allows each country to know just how much economic damage will
be done by carbon dioxide emissions. And the surprising results show that
considerable damage could be done to some of the world’s greatest powers.
        　　这是研究人员首次整理出一套可靠的数据，能够让每个国家知道二氧化碳排放会造成多少经济损失。这些出人意料的结果表明，一些世界上最强大的国家可能会遭受相当大的损失。
        　　The three countries set to lose the most from climate change are United
States, India and Saudi Arabia, according to the new research. The findings rely
on measuring the social cost of carbon, in an attempt to understand how much is
lost through climate emissions.
        　　根据该最新研究，因气候变化而受损最大的三个国家是美国、印度和沙特阿拉伯。该研究基于对“碳排放社会成本”的衡量，试图了解碳排放到底造成了多少损失。
        　　And it also found that the damage being done worldwide by those emissions
is significantly higher than in estimates used by authorities including the US
government.
        　　研究人员还发现，这些碳排放在全世界造成的损失远远高于包括美国政府在内的官方机构所使用的估计数据。
        　　The social cost of carbon is a measure designed to take into account the
full price that harmful emissions have to the economy. Often, politicians and
companies argue that the cost is relatively minimal – it doesn’t hurt the
environment in any immediate way, and could initially benefit the economy
through increased crop yield in some regions – but SCC aims to take into account
the full cost over time.
        　　“碳排放社会成本”(后面简称为SCC)是一种旨在衡量有害排放导致经济付出的全部代价的评估方法。政界人士和企业往往会说，相关成本相对较低——不会立即对环境造成损害，而且最初还可能通过提高某些地区的粮食产量而使经济受益——但SCC旨在将碳排放在长期的全部影响都考虑在内。
        　　The measure is used, among other things, as a way to work out the true cost
of policy decisions. The US Environmental Protection Agency, for instance, uses
it as a way to inform decisions.
        　　此外，这一衡量标准也被用来确定决策的真实成本。例如，美国环境保护局就把它作为一种宣示决策(合理性)的方式。

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        　　For example, policymakers often point to the fact that carbon dioxide
causes little immediate harm to the economy as justification for rolling back
regulations. But the new study shows that the actual impact of climate change
could be much more intense than previously thought.
        　　例如，政策制定者经常指出，二氧化碳排放对经济造成的直接损害极小，以此作为取消环保法规的理由。但这项新研究表明，气候变化的实际影响可能比人们此前认为的要严重得多。
        　　The Trump administration has been active in scrapping various environmental
regulations, including pulling the US out of the landmark Paris climate
agreement. The president did so in large part because of claims about the
economy, including suggestions that global warming is a hoax created by China to
punish the US.
        　　特朗普政府一直在积极废除各种环保法规，包括让美国退出具有里程碑意义的巴黎气候协定。特朗普之所以这样做，很大程度上是因为某些有关经济事务的说法。
        　　The new study shows that the US economy in fact stands to lose considerably
from climate change, despite repeated suggestions from politicians that the
opposite is true.
        　　这项新研究表明，美国经济实际上会因为气候变化而蒙受巨大损失，尽管政客们一再声称情况并非如此。
        　　"Our analysis demonstrates that the argument that the primary beneficiaries
of reductions in carbon dioxide emissions would be other countries is a total
myth," said lead author and University of California San Diego assistant
professor Kate Ricke. "We consistently find, through hundreds of uncertainty
scenarios, that the US always has one of the highest country-level SCCs.
        　　“我们的分析表明，认为二氧化碳排放量减少的主要受益者将是其他国家的观点完全是杜撰出来的，”研究报告的第一作者、美国加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校助理教授凯特·里克说，“我们通过数百种不确定情境模拟得出的结论都表明，从国家层面看，美国承受的碳排放社会成本一直位居全球前列。”
        　　"It makes a lot of sense because the larger your economy is, the more you
have to lose. Still, it’s surprising just how consistently the US is one of the
biggest losers, even when compared to other large economies."
        　　里克说：“这相当合理，因为你的经济规模越大，损失就会越大。不过，结果还是让人吃惊：即便与其他大型经济体相比，美国竟然始终是损失最大的国家之一。”
        　　Previous analysis has largely looked at the global cost of carbon
emissions. That is more easy to calculate, because carbon dioxide affects the
whole world.
        　　此前的研究主要关注碳排放带来的全球成本。这很容易计算，因为碳排放影响整个世界。
        　　But the new study combines results from a series of studies and models to
work out how the increase in carbon would affect individual countries. The
results should serve as a warning to those countries most affected that they
must do more to act together and mitigate climate change, the authors wrote.
        　　但是，新研究结合了一系列研究结果和模型，以搞清碳排放增加如何影响单个国家。新研究的作者们表示，他们的研究结果应当向那些受碳排放影响最大的国家敲响警钟：它们必须为应对气候变化付出更多努力。
        　　Countries in the European Union, for instance, have been among those
keenest and most active in addressing climate change, but are relatively
unaffected according to the new study. Those that the study found to be most
affected by carbon emissions – including India and China alongside the US – have
also been less proactive in promoting new regulations to combat them, the
authors noted.
        　　例如，在应对气候变化方面，欧盟国家一直是最热心、最积极的国家之一，但根据这项新研究，这些国家其实相对不受影响。报告作者指出，研究发现，反倒是那些受碳排放影响最大的国家——包括印度和中国，以及美国——在推广应对碳排放的新法规方面不够积极。