|
发表于 2016-7-9 22:02:31
|
显示全部楼层
6. 连接代词和副词前介词的省略。在tell, ask, depend, look, certain, clear, sure, idea, decide 等常用词后面,who, which, what, where, whether, how 等引导的从句前面的介词通常可以省略:
Have you any idea (of) when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗?
I’m not certain (of) what I’m supposed to do. 我不肯定我应该做什么。
It depends (on) whether you can afford it. 这要看你是否买得起。
Tell me (about) what he said to you. 告诉我他给你讲了些什么。
若以上从句被简化为“疑问词+不定式”,其前的介词也可省略:
I’m not quite clear (about) what to do. 我不很确定要做什么。
注:除以上提到的少数情形外,在其他情况下则通常不宜随便省略:
We’re worried about where he is. 我们担心他上什么地方去了。(about不能省)
7. 介词in的省略。
(1) 在 in this way, in that way, in the same way, in another way 等表达中的介词in 通常可以省略:
Do it (in) this way. 这样做。
Let me put it (in) another way. 让我用另一种方式解释。
(2) 许多动名词前的介词in可以省略:
Be careful (in) crossing the street. 过街道要小心。
He lost no time (in) answering the question. 他马上就回答了那个问题。
但若介词 in 出现在句首,则通常不宜省略:
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
在这类用法中要特别注意一些常用句型:
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
be late (in) doing sth 做某事做晚了或做迟了
spend money [time] (in) doing sth 花钱(时间)做某事
waste money [time] (in) doing sth 浪费钱(时间)做某事
have luck (in) doing sth 做某事时有运气(走运)
have difficult (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费劲
have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困难
have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很开心
have a hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很辛苦
find difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事发现有困难
There is no difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
There is no use (in) doing sth 做某事没有用
There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义
五、besides, & except与but用法详解
besides, but和except 这三个表示“除了”的介词,是同学们较难掌握也是高考英语中涉及得较多的几个重难点介词。现将其用法详解于下。
1. 基本区别。三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有…”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有…”。如:
Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他。
但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除…外不再有… ”,与but, except 同义:
No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。
2. 关于 but 与 except
(1) 两者都可表示“除…外不再有…”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:
All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。
All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:
① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
④ all, none 等(www.yygrammar.com)
⑤ who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
但是 except 却没有以上限制:
正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
误:The window is never opened but in summer.
(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:
除我之外每个人都累了。
正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.
正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.
误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.
注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:Except for me, everyone is tired.
|
|