2018年6月英语四级模拟题及答案（三）

英语自学网

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
        　　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is
followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the
center. Passage One
        　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
        　　There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method
of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical
problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between
observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to
organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools,
techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.
        　　Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the
progress in each.
        　　Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to
comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy
and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or
dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists
discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even
an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the
choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have
the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft
flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air;
and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science
progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The
legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some
people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain
advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a
better world.
        　　21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.
        　　A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to
practical problems
        　　B) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps
change the material world
        　　C) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules
that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making
the things we use in our daily life
        　　D) all of the above
        　　22. Which of the following may be representative of science?
        　　A) The improvement of people's life.
        　　B) The theory of people's life.
        　　C) Farming tools.
        　　D) Mass production.
        　　23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.
        　　A) must be strictly objective
        　　B) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikes
        　　C) should conform to popular opinions
        　　D) always appear in perfect and finished forms
        　　24. The author states that technology itself _____.
        　　A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustion
        　　B) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves
        　　C) will lead to a better world if put to wise use
        　　D) will inevitably be for bad purpose
        　　25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.
        　　A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage Two
            
            

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        　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
        　　Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education.
On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a
democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a
responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered
financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from
rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and
arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.
        　　Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success
without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible
is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial
success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher
education.
        　　Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and
dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In
other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer
subjects.
        　　In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be
even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more
specialized education will be needed.
        　　26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.
        　　A) education in general B) Americans' attitudes
        　　C) higher education D) American education
        　　27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.
        　　A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear
        　　28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.
        　　A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning
the basics
        　　29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
        　　A) information is our only product
        　　B) education in the future will be specialized
        　　C) we are entering an age of information
        　　D) we are living in an age of information
        　　30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
        　　A) The History of American Education.
        　　B) The Need for Specialized Education.
        　　C) The Future of the American Educational System.
        　　D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage Three
            
            

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        　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
        　　A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this
pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases,
control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and
in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 there
were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there
may well be over 4,000 million.
        　　When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought
under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some
areas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult
to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the
land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming
methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial
occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.
There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of
food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are
being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms
beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and
dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters
of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide
electric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to
suit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant
diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the
food of the world.
        　　31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.
        　　A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plains
        　　B) the pattern of distribution is being altered
        　　C) people are living longer
        　　D) new land is being brought under cultivation
        　　32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more
productively farmed if _____.
        　　A) the plots were subdivided
        　　B) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the country
        　　C) industrial methods were used in farming
        　　D) the units of land were made much larger
        　　33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has
been made possible by _____.
        　　A) producing new strains of crops
        　　B) irrigation and dry-farming methods
        　　C) providing fertilizers
        　　D) destroying pests and disease
        　　34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?
        　　A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests
        　　35. The author's main purpose is to _____.
        　　A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenon
        　　C) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage Four
            
            

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        　　Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
        　　For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other
creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there
is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed
that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related
to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a
baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not
otherwise.
        　　It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways
that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful
outcome.
        　　Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the
babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the
head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to
drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response
with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in
situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young
as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement
"switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning
quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two
right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
        　　Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he
made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to
watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display
came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights
which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the
problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge
to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
        　　36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are
directly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needs
        　　C) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity
        　　37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .
        　　A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
        　　B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
        　　C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk
        　　D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
        　　38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in
order to .
        　　A) have the lights turned on
        　　B) be rewarded with milk
        　　C) please their parents
        　　D) be praised
        　　39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .
        　　A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
        　　B) the sight of the lights was interesting
        　　C) they need not turn back to watch the lights
        　　D) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
        　　40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something
is a reflection of .
        　　A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world
        　　B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
        　　C) their strong desire to solve complex problems
        　　D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
            
            

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        　　Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
        　　Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each
sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer
that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
        　　41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of
spring.
        　　A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent
        　　42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .
        　　A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary
        　　43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.
        　　A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation
        　　44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.
        　　A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure
        　　45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.
        　　A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far
        　　46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.
        　　A) off B) back C) down D) about
        　　47. The helicopter hovered the trees.
        　　A) in B) over C) down D) up
        　　48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.
        　　A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends
        　　49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.
        　　A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to
        　　50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to
his success in public life.
        　　A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related
        　　51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the
street.
        　　A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed
        　　52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of
their own.
        　　A) during B) for C) since D) in
        　　53. 100 competitors had the race.
        　　A) put their names for B) entered for
        　　C) put themselves for D) taken part
        　　54. He me by two games to one.
        　　A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won
        　　55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.
        　　A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control
        　　56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.
        　　A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put
        　　57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten
years.
        　　A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over
        　　58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was
wrong.
        　　A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to
        　　59. He managed to pay off his debts.
        　　A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or another
        　　C) somehow or other D) somehow or another
        　　60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.
        　　A) play a joke on B) play out
        　　C) play into the hands of D) play at
        　　61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.
        　　A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed
        　　62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.
        　　A) on B) to C) with D) of
        　　63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.
        　　A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged
        　　64. He has been absent class for quite some time.
        　　A) in B) for C) with D) from
        　　65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.
        　　A) to B) for C) toward D) of
        　　66. We must manage to do our work better with people.
        　　A) less money and few B) less money and fewer
        　　C) little money and less D) few money and less
        　　67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.
        　　A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come than
        　　C) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come
        　　68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious
accident.
        　　A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do drive
        　　C) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven
        　　69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.
        　　A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not
        　　70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.
        　　A) would do B) had done C) do D) did
            
            

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        　　Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
        　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank
there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that
best fits into the passage.
        　　Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man
in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies
___74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___
of them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There
were even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against
the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last
moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that
___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country
better; a third group ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last
seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he
would spend his time ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose
George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for
reelection because they trusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in
case a future President ___90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of
President Nixon two hundreds years later.
        　　71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think
        　　72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as
        　　73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident
        　　74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together
        　　75. A) at B) by C) on D) in
        　　76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most
        　　77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must
        　　78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
        　　79. A) had preferred B) would have preferred
        　　C) should have preferred D) were preferring
        　　80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of
        　　81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by
        　　82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be
elected
        　　C) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President
        　　83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other
        　　84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would
        　　85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be
liking
        　　86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which
        　　87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at
        　　88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood
        　　89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful
        　　90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behaved
        　　Part V Writing (30 minutes)
        　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a
composition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study
the following table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given
below. You should write at least 100 words.
        　　1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.
        　　2. The possible reasons for the changes.
        　　3. My prediction.
        　　The Expenses of an Average Worker
            
            

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        　　答案：
        　　21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA
        　　41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA
        　　61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD
        　　81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC