听力技巧：老外在说什么？为什么总是听不懂？

英语自学网

　　Listening Strategies
        　　关于听力的小技巧
        　　Once you have begun to listen on a regular basis, you might still be
frustrated by your limited understanding. Here are a few courses of action you
can take:
        　　一旦你开始定期听英语，你可能仍会为自己局限的理解水平而感到沮丧。这里有一些你可以采纳的小技巧：
        　　Accept the fact that you are not going to understand everything.
        　　接受你并不能听懂所有内容这个事实。
        　　Stay relaxed when you do not understand -- even if you continue to have
trouble understanding for a while.
        　　当你听不懂的时候，请保持轻松的心态——即使你暂时在理解上仍有困难。
        　　Do not translate into your native language.
        　　不要把所听到的内容翻译成你的母语。
        　　Listen for the gist (or general idea) of the conversation. Don't
concentrate on detail until you have understood the main idea(s).
        　　听对话的要点(或大体主旨)。在你了解对话大意之前，不要把注意力集中在细节上。
        　　First, translating creates a barrier between the listener and the speaker.
Second, most people repeat themselves constantly.
        　　首先，翻译制造了听者和说话者之间的障碍。第二，大多数人会不断地自我复述。
        　　By remaining calm, you can usually understand what the speaker had
said.
        　　通过保持冷静，你通常可以理解说话人所说的话。
        　　Translating Creates a Barrier Between Yourself and the Person Who Is
Speaking
        　　翻译制造了你和说话的人之间的障碍。
        　　While you are listening to another person speaking a foreign language
(English in this case), the temptation is to immediately translate into your
native language.
        　　当你在听另一个说外语的人(在这种情况下是英语)时，大多人都会受到“诱惑”：即倾向于把所听到的话，立刻转化成你的母语。
        　　This temptation becomes much stronger when you hear a word you don't
understand. This is only natural as we want to understand everything that is
said. However, when you translate into your native language, you are taking the
focus of your attention away from the speaker and concentrating on the
translation process taking place in your brain.
        　　当你听到一个听不懂的词时，这种诱惑会变得更加强烈。这是很自然的，因为我们想要理解说话人所说的一切。然而，当你把听到的内容翻译成母语时，你把注意力集中在脑海中的翻译过程，而不是说话者的身上。
        　　This would be fine if you could put the speaker on hold. In real life,
however, the person continues talking while you translate. This situation
obviously leads to less -- not more -- understanding. Translation leads to a
mind block in your brain, which sometimes doesn't allow you to understand
anything at all.Most People Repeat Themselves
        　　如果你能让说话人暂停一下，那就太好了。然而，在现实生活中，当你翻译时，这个人会继续说话。显然，这种情况会让你听懂的更少，而不会是更多。因为翻译导致大脑中产生思维障碍，有时它根本无法让你理解任何事。大多数人会不断自我复述。
        　　Think for a moment about your friends, family, and colleagues. When they
speak in your native tongue, do they repeat themselves? If they are like most
people, they probably do. That means that whenever you listen to someone
speaking, it is very likely that they will repeat the information, giving you a
second, third or even fourth chance to understand what has been said.
        　　想一下你的朋友、家人和同事。当他们用母语说话时，他们会重复讲一遍吗?如果他们像大多数人一样，他们可能会这样做。这意味着无论何时你听别人讲话，他们很可能会重复这些信息，给你第二次、第三次甚至第四次机会来理解所说的话。
        　　By remaining calm, allowing yourself to not understand, and not translating
while listening, your brain is free to concentrate on the most important thing:
understanding English in English.
        　　通过保持冷静，允许自己有不理解的地方，而不是在听的同时翻译，你的大脑可以自由地集中在最重要的事情上：用英语理解英语。
        　　Probably the greatest advantage of using the Internet to improve your
listening skills is that you can choose what you would like to listen to and how
many and times you would like to listen to it. By listening to something you
enjoy, you are also likely to know a lot more of the vocabulary required.
        　　也许，使用互联网来提高听力技能的最大优势是，你可以选择你想听的内容以及你想听的次数和时间。通过听你喜欢的内容，你就可能知道更多需要的词汇。
        　　Use Key Words
        　　抓住关键词
        　　Use keywords or key phrases to help you understand the general ideas. If
you understand "New York", "business trip", "last year" you can assume that the
person is speaking about a business trip to New York last year. This may seem
obvious to you, but remember that understanding the main idea will help you to
understand the detail as the person continues to speak.
        　　利用关键字或关键短语来帮助你理解主旨大意。如果你听懂了“纽约”、“商务之旅”、“去年”这些词，你就可以假设，说话人说的是去年去纽约的商务旅行。这似乎对你来说是显而易见的，但是记住，理解主旨大意在说话人继续说话的时候，可以帮助你理解细节。
        　　Listen for Context
        　　聆听上下文语境
        　　Let's imagine that your English speaking friend says "I bought this great
tuner at JR's. It was really cheap and now I can finally listen to National
Public Radio broadcasts." You don't understand what a tuner is, and if you focus
on the word tuner you might become frustrated.
        　　让我们想象一下，你讲英语的朋友说：“我在JR上买了这个很棒的调谐器。它真的很便宜，现在我终于可以收听国家广播之声的广播了。”你不明白调谐器是什么，如果你一心关注调谐器这个词，你可能会感到沮丧。
        　　However, if you think in context, you probably will begin to understand.
For example; bought is the past of buy, listen is no problem and radio is
obvious. Now you understand: He bought something -- the tuner -- to listen to
the radio. A tuner must be a kind of radio. This is a simple example but it
demonstrates what you need to focus on: Not the word that you don't understand,
but the words you do understand.
        　　然而，如果你在上下文中思考，你就开始明白了。比如，“买”是过去买的，“听”是没有问题的，“收音机”是显而易见的。现在你明白了：他买了一些东西——调谐器——收听收音机。调谐器一定是一种收音机。这是一个简单的例子，但它说明了你需要关注的重点：不是你不理解的词，而是你真正理解的单词。
        　　Listening often is the most important way to improve your listening skills.
Enjoy the listening possibilities offered by the Internet and remember to
relax.
        　　经常听听力是提高听力技能最重要的方法。享受互联网提供的可选择的听力内容，并记得放松。