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如果你看过各种关于学习方法的文章，你很有可能听说过所谓的“一万小时定律”。
If you have read various articles on learning methods, you have probably
heard of the so-called “10,000-Hour Rule”.
这是作家格拉德·威尔在《异类》一书中指出的定律。
This is the law that Malcolm Gladwell points out in his book Outliers.
它说的是：要成为某个领域的专家，需要10000小时的刻意练习。
The book indicates that it takes 10,000 hours of deliberate practice for
you to become an expert in a certain field.
按比例计算就是：如果每天工作八个小时，一周工作五天，那你至少需要五年。
That means if you practice eight hours a day and five days a week, you need
at least five years to master a skill.
这个定律现在已经被广泛接受了。
This law has now been widely accepted.
它也成了不少教育类书籍里经常提及的概念。
It has also become a concept often mentioned in many education books.
不少家长也在以这种方式指导自己的孩子，似乎觉得只要堆够了时间就能有所成就。
Many parents are educating their children in this way. It seems that they
feel their children can achieve success if they devote enough time into it.
但这种学习方法真的那么有用吗?
But is this learning method really useful?
似乎并不是。
It seems not.
这个方法最大的问题，就是它会让人产生畏难情绪。
The biggest problem with this method is that it can make people fear of
difficulties.
从一开始就心生畏惧的话，之后就很难坚持。
It’s going to be hard to stick to one thing if you fear that you cannot do
it from the very beginning.
而还有更多人根本就没有开始。
And there are many people who haven’t taken the first step to practice.
一个无法开始的学习方式，能有多大用处呢?
How can it be helpful if you cannot even start doing it?
而且，练习的时间多就一定更有用吗?
And is spending more time practicing really more helpful?
这一点也是不成立的。
This is also not true.
曾经有个著名的小提琴家说过：如果你练习的是手指，你可以练一整天;但如果你练习的是大脑，你每天能练两个小时就不错了。
A famous violinist once said that if you are practicing fingers, you can
practice all day long, but if you are practicing the brain, it’s good of you to
practice two hours a day.
这也就是为什么学生回家之后都更愿意抄课文，而不是先写数学作业。
This is why students are more willing to copy texts before solving math
problems when they do their homework.
真正高手的练习，每次最多1到1.5小时，每天最多4到5小时。
The practice of real masters is up to 1 to 1.5 hours at a time and 4 to 5
hours a day.
如果你的练习可以持续超长时间，那你就该想想自己的练习方式是不是真的有用了。
If your practice for a longer time, then you should think about whether you
practice in the right way.
其实这方面的正反对比也很常见，比如我们的中学时期。
In fact, we can think of a common example, such as our high school
period.
每天在学校的时间超过了10个小时，但这些时间中有多少是真正有用的呢?
We spent more than 10 hours in school every day, but how many hours are we
really learning?
所以说，我们真正该问的问题并不是“如何才能长时间高效学习”。
Thus the question we really need to ask is not “how to learn effectively
for a long time?”
这个本来就是不现实的。
Because it was unrealistic.
真正懂得如何学习的人，都知道怎么偷懒。
People who truly know how to learn know how to save time doing it.
毕竟，学习不正是为了给自己盛事吗?
After all, isn’t learning all about save yourself trouble?
愿意练习是好事，但是千万不要用战术上的勤奋去弥补战略上的懒惰。
It is a good thing to be willing to practice, but do not use tactical
diligence to make up for strategic laziness. |
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发表于 2018-4-19 23:24:39