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TED Talk告诉你:数学焦虑症是真的?(视频)

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发表于 2018-4-12 22:40:23 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
人们对于数学有很深的误解,例如很多人认为数学成绩的好坏反映出了我们是否聪明,也有一部分人认为男生天生比女生擅长数学,还有人认为只有学不好数学的人才会有数学焦虑症。下面让我们来看看Orly
Rubinsten是如何解说数学焦虑症的。
          When French mathematician Laurent Schwartz was in high school, he started
to worry that he wasn’t smart enough to solve math problems. Maybe you know a
similar feeling. You sit down to take a math test, and you feel your heart beat
faster and your palms start to sweat. You get butterflies in your stomach, and
you can’t concentrate. This phenomenon is called math anxiety, and if it happens
to you, you’re not alone. Researchers think about 20% of the population suffers
from it. But having mathematical anxiety doesn’t necessarily mean you’re bad at
math – not even close. Laurent Schwartz went on to win the Fields Medal, the
highest award in mathematics.
          当你在参加数学考试的时候,你会心跳加速,手掌出汗,胃里紧张到翻江倒海,无法集中注意力。这种现象就是数学焦虑症了。其实20%的人都有该症状,但是有数学焦虑并不意味着你的数学差。就像法国的数学家Laurent
Schwartz,他的数学焦虑并不妨碍他获得数学领域的最高奖项。
          have butterflies (in your stomach) = (informal) to have a nervous feeling
in your stomach before doing something
          not necessarily = used to say that something is possibly true but not
definitely or always true例如:
          The more expensive articles are not necessarily better.
          Biggest doesn't necessarily mean best.
          ‘We're going to lose.’ ‘Not necessarily.’
          People might think that they’re anxious about math because they’re bad at
it, but it’s often the other way around. They’re doing poorly in math because
they’re anxious about it. Some psychologists think that’s because math anxiety
decreases a cognitive resource called working memory. That’s the short-term
memory system that helps you organize the information you need to complete a
task. Worrying about being able to solve math problems, or not doing well on a
test, eats up working memory, leaving less of it available to tackle the math
itself. People can suddenly struggle with even basic math skills, like
arithmetic, that they’ve otherwise mastered.
          人们可能认为你之所以患有数学焦虑症,是因为你数学很差,但其实因果恰恰相反,大多数情况下,你的数学差是因为你有数学焦虑。心理学家认为这种焦虑影响到了我们的working
memory,这种短期的记忆系统是帮助我们整合信息以便完成一项工作任务的。如果你把大部分的working
memory都用在担心和焦虑上面了,那么剩下的部分就不够用来解决真正的数学问题了。这样的结果就是,你可能突然间连最基本的数学技能,例如算数,都搞不定了。
          the other way round = the opposite situation例如:
          I didn't leave you. It was the other way round (= you left me).
          eat up = to use something in large quantities例如:
          Legal costs had eaten up all the savings she had.
          tackle = to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or
situation例如:
          The government is determined to tackle inflation.
          I think I'll tackle the repairs next weekend.
          Firefighters tackled a blaze in a garage last night.
            
            
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发表于 2018-4-12 23:17:40 | 显示全部楼层

          Academic anxiety certainly isn’t limited to math, but it does seem to
happen much more frequently, and cause more harm in that subject. So why would
that be? Researchers aren’t yet sure, but some studies suggest that the way
children are exposed to math by their parents and teachers play a large part. If
parents talk about math like something challenging and unfamiliar, children can internalize that. Teachers with math anxiety are also likely to spread it to
their students. Pressure to solve problems quickly dials up stress even more.
And in some cultures, being good at math is a sign of being smart in general.
When the stakes are that high, it's not surprising that students are anxious.
Even Maryam Mirzakhani, an influential mathematician who was the first woman to
win the Fields Medal, felt unconfident and lost interest in mathematics because
her math teacher in middle school didn’t think she was talented.
          学术焦虑症当然不限于数学,但是确实在该科目上的发病率似乎更高一些。原因尚不明确,不过一些研究表明,家长和老师在这里起到了很大一部分的作用。如果家长谈到数学就是一副“啊数学好难好陌生”的态度,那么孩子也会这样认为。老师的数学焦虑也很可能传染到学生。需要快速解决问题而带来的压力更是加重了紧张感。而且在有些国家,数学好是聪明的标志。风险如此之高,也难怪学生会焦虑。就连Maryam
Mirzakhani这位第一个获得Fields Medal的女数学家都会不自信并对数学失去了兴趣,就是因为她的初中数学老师认为她没有天赋。
          internalize something = to make a feeling, an attitude, or a belief part of
the way you think and behave例如:
          Minority groups tend to internalize the values of the dominant society.
          stakes = something that you risk losing, especially money, when you try to
predict the result of a race, game, etc, or when you are involved in an activity
that can succeed or fail例如:
          How much was the stake (= how much did you bet)?
          They were playing cards for high stakes (= a lot of money).
          With only two points separating the top five players, the stakes are high
as they enter the final round.
          So if you experience mathematical anxiety, what can you do?
          下面就是克服数学焦虑症的方法了:
          Relaxation techniques, like short breathing exercises, have improved test
performance in students with math anxiety. Writing down your worries can also
help. This strategy may give you a chance to reevaluate a stressful experience, freeing up working memory. And if you have the chance, physical activity, like a brisk walk, deepens breathing and helps relieve muscle tension, preventing
anxiety from building. You can also use your knowledge about the brain to change
your mindset. The brain is flexible, and the areas involved in math skills can
always grow and develop. This is a psychological principle called the growth
mindset. Thinking of yourself as someone who can grow and improve can actually
help you grow and improve.
          放松术,例如short
breathing练习可以帮助有数学焦虑症的学生提高考试成绩。把你担心的事情写下来也是有帮助的。它能帮你重新评估一个让你紧张的情况,把被占用的working
memory释放出来。如果有机会,体育活动例如快走,可以使呼吸变沉,帮助缓解肌肉紧张,防止焦虑加重。你还可以利用你所知道的有关大脑的知识来改变你的心态。大脑是很灵活的,大脑中管理数学技能的区域是可以被进一步开发的。这在心理学上叫做“成长心态”,如果你把自己当成是一个可以成长和进步的人,那么就真的能成长和进步。
          free up = to make somebody / something available for a particular
purpose例如:
          The government has promised to free up more resources for education.
          mindset = a set of attitudes or fixed ideas that somebody has and that are
often difficult to change例如:
          a conservative mindset
          the mindset of the computer generation
          If you're a teacher or parent of young children, try being playful with
math and focusing on the creative aspects. That can build the numerical skills
that help students approach math with confidence later on. Importantly, you
should give children the time and space to work through their answers. And if
you're an administrator, make sure your teachers have the positive attitudes and
mathematical confidence necessary to inspire confidence in all of their
students. Also, don't let anyone spread the myth that boys are innately better
than girls at math. That is completely false.
          如果你是老师或者孩子的家长,试着以轻松愉快的方式让孩子接触数学,并且注重创造力方面。这会培养孩子的数学技能,帮助他们日后自信的学习数学。重要的是,你应该给孩子足够的时间和空间来解决问题。如果你是学校的管理者,确保你的老师们对数学有着积极的态度和自信,这样他们才可以激发所有学生的自信。并且,不要让任何人传播“男孩子天生比女孩子擅长数学”的谬论。
          work through = to resolve (a problem, especially an emotional one), by
thinking about it repeatedly and hence lessening its intensity either by gaining
insight or by becoming bored by it
          innately = (of a quality, feeling, etc.) that you have when you are
born例如:
          He believes that humans are innately violent.
          Racism is the belief that one race is innately superior to another.
          If you experience math anxiety, it may not help to just know that math
anxiety exists. Or perhaps it's reassuring to put a name to the problem.
Regardless, if you take a look around yourself, the odds are good that you'll
see someone experiencing the same thing as you. Just remember that the anxiety
is not a reflection of your ability, but it is something you can conquer with
time and awareness.
          如果你有数学焦虑,可能光知道它的存在对你并没有什么帮助。或者,可能知道这个问题叫什么会有些安心的作用。无论怎样,如果你看看周围的人,很有可能你会看到跟你有类似经历的人。记住,这种焦虑并不能反映出你的能力,你是可以用时间和意识战胜它的!
          put a name to somebody / something = to know or remember what somebody /
something is called例如:
          I recognize the tune but I can't put a name to it.
          the odds = the degree to which something is likely to happen例如:
          The odds are that (= it is likely that) she'll win.
          What are the odds (= how likely is it) he won't turn up?
          The odds are heavily against him (= he is not likely to succeed).
          The odds are very much in our favor (= we are likely to succeed).
          教师简介:  
          朱博,新东方口语讲师,毕业于985院校大连理工大学,硕士保送一等奖学金。在校期间曾游学美国,任出版社英语出版中心校对四年,工作严谨,活泼开朗,让大家快乐的学习英语。
       

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