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大学英语四级考试考前冲刺试卷（一）
Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Stopping or Going-on. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and give your comments. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
1.A） Alcohol abuse. B） Smoking.
C） Depression. D） Schizophrenia.
2.A） To prevent patients from smoking.
B） To better understand patients.
C） To get patients occupied.
D） To teach patients some skills.
Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.
3.A） There were important space missions.
B） The space agency lacked funding for the program.
C） The current shuttle missions would continue.
D） Congress failed to pass President Obama’s budget.
4.A） To set up a moon colony by 2020.
B） To send astronauts again to the moon by 2020.
C） To continue the current shuttle missions till 2020.
D） To create more jobs for NASA till 2020.
Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.
5.A） Foreign investment.
B） Donor support.
C） Price control.
D） Bank prediction.
6.A） 20 million percent.
B） 2.2 million percent.
C） 11.2 million percent.
D） Over 11.2 million percent.
7.A） Tougher times will wait for Zimbabwe.
B） The inflation situation will be eased.
C） The future of the inflation is not clear.
D） It was not mentioned in the news.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Conversation One
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.A） At home. B） In the office.
C） In a computer store. D） In a bar.
9.A） Chicago. B） Hong Kong.
C） San Francisco. D） Illinois.
10.A） Stay at home.
B） Attend a computer course.
C） Celebrate his mother’s birthday. D） Go to San Francisco.
11. A） World Wide Web is the Internet.
B） The first thing the man did when he got up was to turn on the computer.
C） Today is the birthday of the man’s mother.
D） The woman is not good at computer.
Conversation Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A） How to deal with the aggravating people.
B） How to deal with bosses.
C） How to manage the subordinates.
D） How to change yourself.
13.A） In the office.
B） At home.
C） In a library.
D） In a book store.
14.A） It is easier to change others than change yourself.
B） What is a most common annoying type of boss like.
C） How to keep a relationship with your co-workers.
D） Stop complain and do something.
15.A） She is interested in this book.
B） She is the author of this book.
C） She is an expert in this field.
D） She is a great boss.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and
D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A） Vanilla.
B） Chocolate or syrup.
C） Food.
D） Nuts, fruit and whipped cream.
17.A） Nobody knows.
B） One Sunday in the 1890s.
C） In the 1890s.
D） In the 1980s.
18. A） Sunday.
B） The name of the customer.
C） The name of the owner.
D） The name of the ice-cream parlor.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A） American’s art music.
B） American’s street music.
C） American’s black music.
D） American’s classic music.
20.A） Harmony and melody are from Africa and rhythm from Europe.
B） Harmony and melody are from Europe and rhythm from Africa.
C） Harmony and rhythm are from Africa and melody from Europe.
D） Melody and rhythm are from Europe and harmony from Africa.
21.A） The player invents the music in advance.
B） The player makes up the music while playing.
C） A good jazz player plays the same music twice.
D） It’s like hearing a piece of music that was written long ago.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A） The role of Florida in the American Revolution.
B） The discovery of Florida by Ponce de Leon in 1513. C） The history of the cultivation of oranges in Florida.
D） The popularity of Florida oranges in London in the 1770’s.
23. A） London. B） St. Augustine. C） The Antilles. D） New York.
24. A） Jesse Fish. B） Ponce de Leon.
C） Columbus. D） British sailors.
25.A） Because oranges tended to dry out during shipping.
B） Because Florida oranges were very small.
C） Because there was no great demand for oranges in Europe.
D） Because oranges were plentiful in their home country.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling _26_ , philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling _27_ comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of _28_ good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would _29_ give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that _30_ have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
Tramps （流浪汉） seem to be the only _31_ to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to _32_ the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not _33_ their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. We often speak of tramps with _34_ and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little _35_ of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Want to Know Your Disease Risk? Check Your Exposome
A） When it comes to health, which is more important, nature or nurture? You may well think your genes are a more important predictor of health and ill health. Not so fast. In fact, it transpires（得知）that our everyday environment outweighs our genetics, when it comes to measuring our risk of disease. The genome （染色体组，基因组）is out—welcome the exposome （环境暴露）.
B） “The exposome represents everything a person is exposed to in the environment, that’s not in the genes,”says Stephen Rappaport, environmental health scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. That includes stress, diet, lifestyle choices, recreational and medicinal drug use and in- fections, to name a few. “The big difference is that the exposome changes throughout life as our bodies, diets and lifestyles change,”he says. While our understanding of the human genome has been growing at an exponential（迅速发展的） rate over the last decade, it is not as helpful as we hoped in predicting diseases. “Genes only contribute 10 percent to the overall disease burden,” says Rappaport. “Knowing genetic risk factors can prove absolutely futile （无用的）,” says Jere- my Nicholson at Imperial College London. He points to work by Nina Paynter at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, who investigated the effects of 101 genetic markers implicat-ed in heart disease. After following over 19,000 women for 12 years, she found these markers were not able to predict anything about the incidence of heart disease in this group.
C） On the other hand, the impact of environmental influences is still largely a mystery. “There’s an imbalance between our ability to investigate the genome and the environment,” says Chris Wild,director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, who came up with the idea of the exposome. In reality, most diseases are probably caused by a combination of the two, which is where the exposome comes in. “The idea is to have a comprehensive analysis of a person’s full exposure history,” says Wild. He hopes a better understanding of exposures will shed a brighter light on disease risk factors.
D） There are likely to be critical periods of exposure in development. For example, the time from birth to 3 years of age is thought to be particularly important. “We know that this is the time when brain connections are made, and that if you are obese （ 过 度 肥 胖 的 ）by this age, you’ll have problems as an adult,” says Nicholson. In theory, a blood or urine sample taken from an in- dividual could provide a snapshot of what that person has been exposed to. But how do you work out what fingerprints chemicals might leave in the body? The task is not as formidable （艰难的） as it sounds. For a start, researchers could make use of swatches （样本）of bio-bank information that has already been collected. “There has been a huge international funding effort in adult co鄄 horts （ 一 群 ）like the UK Bio-bank already,” says Wild. “If we improved analysis, we could apply it to these groups.”
E） Several teams are also working towards developing wearable devices to measure personal expo- sure to chemicals in the environment. “We can put chemicals in categories,” says Rappaport. “We could start by prioritizing toxic chemicals, and look for markers of these toxins in the blood, while hormones and metals can be measured directly.” Rappaport is looking at albumin（白蛋白）, a common protein in the blood that transports toxins to the liver where they are pro- cessed and broken down. He wants to know how it reacts with a range of chemicals, and is mea- suring the products. “You can get a fingerprint—a display of all the products an individual has been exposed to.”
F） By combining this information with an enhanced understanding of how exposure affects health,the exposome could help better predict a person’s true disease risk. And we shouldn’t have to wait long—Rappaport reckons we can reap the benefits within a generation. To this end, the US National Institutes of Health has set up an exposure biology program. “We’re looking for inter- actions between genes and exposure to work out an individual’s risk of disease,” says David Balshaw, who manages the program. “It would allow you to tailor （使合适） the therapeutic re- sponse to that person’s risk.” An understanding of this interaction, reflected in a person’s metabolic （新陈代谢的） profiles （数据图表）, might also help predict how they will respond to a drug. Nicholson has been looking for clues in metabolite profiles of urine samples.
G） Last year, his research group used these profiles to predict how individuals would metabolise paracetamol （扑热息痛）. “It turned out that gut （肠子） microbes （微生物） were very impor- tant,” says Nicholson. “We’ve shown that the pre-dose urinary metabolite profile could predict the metabolism of painkilling drugs, and therefore predict drug toxicity.” The findings suggest that metabolic profiles of exposure could help doctors tailor therapies and enable them to pre-scribe personalized medicines. Justin Stebbing at Imperial College London has already shown that metabolic profiles of women with breast cancer can predict who will respond to certain ther-apies. It is early days, but the initial findings look promising. “We’re reaching the point where we’re capable of assessing the exposome,” says Balshaw. With the implications for understand- ing disease causes and risks, and a real prospect of developing personalized medicine, the expo- some is showing more promise than the genome already, he adds.
H） How does air pollution or stress leave a trace in the blood? The US National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is trying to find out. One group funded by the NIH and led by Nongjian Tao at Arizona State University’s Biodesign Institute in Tempre is developing wearable wireless sensors to monitor an individual’s exposure to environmental pollutants. Tao’s team started by creating software for Windows phones （视窗话筒）, but they are working on apps （应用程序） that could be used on any smart phone. In theory, anyone could pop on （戴） a sensor and down-load an app to receive real-time information on exposure to environmental pollutants. At the same time, smart phones monitoring your location can combine the level of pollution with an ex- act time and place. Tao presented his sensor at the Circuits and Systems for Medical and Envi- ronmental Applications Workshop in Yucatan Mexico last week.
I） “We’re now moving prototypes （原 型， 样 品） into human studies, and progressing those proto-types into products,” says David Balshaw of the NIH. Earlier this year, Tao’s group tried out the sensor on individuals taking a stroll around Los Angeles, California. They were able to measure how exposure to pollutants changed as each person wandered near busy roads and petrol stations.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
36. Theoretically speaking, we can know what one has been exposed to from his blood samples.
37. Chris Wild put forward the conception of exposome.
38. Rappaport has confidence in the realization of exposome’s helping better predict people’s true disease risk.
39. Jeremy Nicholson said, knowing genetic risk factors of health turned out to be completely use- less.
40. When measuring the risk of disease, one should consider the influence of exposome first.
41. The albumin in our blood plays the role of conveying toxins to the liver.
42. The metabolic profiles of individuals can reflect the interaction between genes and exposure.
43. According to the findings of Nicholson’s research group, doctors can give a prescription of per- sonalized medicines with the help of metabolic profiles of exposure.
44. Nicholson says that one’s period from birth to the age of three is a period that forms his brain connections.
45. The wearable wireless sensors being developed by Tao’s research group are used to detect the exposure to environmental pollutants of individuals.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Man is endlessly inventive. But his greatest invention is non-invention, the skill of transmitting intact （完美无损的） and unchanged from one generation to the next the fundamental ways of doing things which he learned from the generation which preceded him. Children are conceived and reared, houses built, fish caught, and enemies killed in much the same way by most of the members of any society; and these patterns are maintained for relatively long periods of time. From the perspective of those in each new generation, and for the society as an enduring, historical entity （统 一的）, this process of cultural transmission yields enormous economy. Thanks to it, each generation need not rediscover at great cost in time and subject to great risk of failure, what those coming before have already learned. Not only is knowledge thus conserved, but the basis for communal life, resting on common information and understanding is thus established. Since all those in each generation receive more or less the same cultural heritage from the preceding generation, they can more easily relate to one another and more effectively coordinate their actions.
The grand total of all the objects, ideas, knowledge, ways of doing things, habits values, and attitudes which each generation in a society passes on to the next is what the anthropologist often refers to as the culture of a group. The transmission of culture is man’s substitute for the instincts（ 本 能 ） whereby most other living creatures are equipped with the means for coping with their environment and relating to one another. Yet it is more flexible than instinct, and can grow; that is, it can store new information, infinitely more rapidly than the process of mutation and biological evolution can enrich the instinctual storehouse of any other species.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
46. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A） The relation between culture and invention. B） The transmission of human culture.
C） The history of human civilization.
D） The biological evolution of man.
47. Which of the following is NOT included in the meaning of culture according to the passage? A） Knowledge of various disciplines.
B） Production technology.
C） Ways of living, life habits and values. D） Biological instincts.
48. The word “heritage” used in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A） history B） civilization
C） tradition D） feature
49. According to the first paragraph, all of the following statements can be accepted EXCEPT that________.
A） man is always inventive
B） learning from the preceding generation saves much effort
C） non-invention is a technique of learning skills from the preceding generation D） non-invention is always contrary to invention
50. In the last sentence of the passage, the author implies, but does not directly state, that________.
A） human culture can further develop and grow
B） biological evolution can improve the instinct of creatures
C） human culture is more flexible and can store new information far more rapidly than instinct
D） the instinct of living creatures may also grow, but at a much slower pace
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry, specially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain.
All that the person at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out. Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying.
An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before.
Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing”—for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. When he got to London’s Heathrow Airport, he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90,000 in cash, destined for Frankfurt. Just to keep an eye on things, the smuggler went along on the same plane. When they landed at Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase. He beat a straight path to the men’s toilet, opened the case, and found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route, but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that “the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
51. How does a mule work?
A） Jointly. B） Independently.
C） Consciously. D） Separately.
52. What is a “mule”?
A） A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule. B） A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule.
C） A person who receives instructions from a smuggler and makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule.
D） A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule.
53. The sentence “if he is blown” is closest in meaning to________.
A） if he is arrested
B） if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested C） if he is recognized and arrested
D） if he runs away
54. Which of the following is true about mules? A） Mules do not have their own wearing.
B） Mules need to wear weighted smuggling vests every day.
C） Mules may receive training before their first delivery. D） Mules need not to relax before their first journey.
55.Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?
A)To show how a smuggler is caught.
B)To show a smuggler is afraid of the police.
C)To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless.
D)To show mules may keep the profit for themselves.
Part Ⅳ Translation （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
皮影（shadow play）是中国民间广为流传的道具戏之一。 它是借助灯光把雕刻精巧的皮影人映照在屏幕上，由艺人们在幕后操动皮影人，伴以音乐和歌唱，演出一幕幕妙趣横生的皮影戏。 皮影戏历史悠久，相传萌芽于汉，发展于唐，至宋已十分兴盛。 陕西皮影分东、西路，不仅唱腔种类繁多，表演技术高超，而且皮影人的雕镂技艺达到了很高的水平。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
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发表于 2017-6-6 14:57:11
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