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发表于 2016-7-10 16:27:40
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III. 常见的句子结构
由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听” 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表示 “看” 这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示 “到达”，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
To catch up with others, you’d better work harder.
How did the accident occur?
In July, the ship set out for the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.
2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,
look, sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking of stealing.
It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m. in this area.
We are proud of our friends.
To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young.
It’s much cheaper to camp than to stay in a hotel.
It is useless trying to argue with him.
I got caught in the traffic.
Just then, the traffic light turned red.
He seemed to have misunderstood you.
3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
e.g. We learn English at school.
He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.
I didn’t mean to be so rude.
Most people here earn their living by farming.
We will send these goods to the flooded area.
You must keep your word.
I took some photos of some beautiful actress.
I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.
被动：English is learnt at school.
These goods will be sent to the flooded area.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。
give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost
make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。
e.g. My brother gave me a book.
Who sent you the computer?
My mother would read me a story before I went to bed.
I won’t tell you anything about it.
Can you sing us an English song?
Pass me the newspaper, please.
这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。
e.g. I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.
The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.
Do you think it possible to finish it in one day?
We are making our country more and more beautiful.
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don’t call him before 9 o’clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the “OK” gesture may think it means money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
Part B写作必备素材 ① 叙事类
外出活动、欣赏美景(日记)
? We decided to go out for a picnic.
? I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.
? Early in the morning, we set off for the farm for a visit.
? When we reached the farm, we were given a warm welcome.
? They showed us around the farm(We were shown around the farm) , where we saw many kinds of plants.
? We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers on both sides.
? We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.(我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了)
? We jumped and shouted like innocent (天真的) children.
? Once on the top of the hill/The moment we got to the top of the hill, we were deeply struck/attracted by the beautiful scenery.
? How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top !
? After being divided into groups, we set to work at once.
? Some of us were getting water, some (were) cutting the meat and vegetables, and others (were) sitting on the grass enjoying music.
? Birds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancing gracefully in the garden/fields.
? When lunch time came, we sat on the grassland, eating and drinking happily.
? The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.
? We sang and danced together to the music.
? Three hours had passed before we knew it.
? The time passed quickly before we knew it.
? It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.
? I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins, enjoying the fine scenery and fresh air in the country.
? At about four o’clock in the afternoon, we said goodbye to them
? At four o’clock in the afternoon we had to return.
? They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.
? On the way back, we were laughing and talking all the time.
? What a wonderful weekend we had!
? We enjoyed ourselves very much.
? Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things that can’t be learned in class.
? Although we were tired, we felt very happy. I think it’s our duty to cover our country with green.
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