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发表于 2017-4-29 18:35:04
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4. 不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
① 现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
② 过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
5. 非谓语动词常考的其它结构
(1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
(2)不带to的不定式
① 在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。
这类词有: feel observe overhear watch listen to perceive notice see look at
hear
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and
went on the rescue.
② 另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想让你知道我病了。
上述感觉动词与使意动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,
The boy was made to go to bed early.
③ 在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。
例如:Last night I did nothing but watch TV.
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带to。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.
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