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虽然很难确切地找出西方世界将中国称作“病夫”的最早记载，但“病夫”一词，即“Sick Man”，早在1896年之前，就已经是西方世界用来形容改革乏力的落后国家的惯用词了。最早被形容为“Sick Man”的国家，是土耳其。19世纪中期，土耳其帝国国力衰败，屡被西方国家欺凌而无法振兴，故被其强邻俄国沙皇尼古拉一世讥笑为“Sick Man of Europe”。此后，“Sick Man”这一形容词，在西方世界广为流传。
我们所知的 “东亚病夫”最早出自上海《字西林报》，于1896年10月17日登载的一篇文章，作者为英国人。1896年月10月17日，英国《伦敦学校岁报》评价甲午战争一文被梁启超主编的《时务报》译发：“夫中国——东方病夫也，其麻木不仁久矣，然病根之深，自中日交战后，地球各国始悉其虚实也。” 梁启超在《新大陆游记》中就作如是说：“而称病态毕露之国民为东亚病夫，实在也不算诬蔑。” 鲁迅、陈独秀等思想家也多次称中国为“病国”、“病夫”。这种并非侮辱和嘲讽的定位，反映了灾难深重的旧中国的窘境。
【关键词】
Sick Man
"Sick man of Europe" is a nickname that has been used to describe a European country experiencing a time of economic difficulty and/or impoverishment. The term was first used in the mid-19th century to describe the Ottoman Empire, but has since been applied at one time or another to nearly every other mid-to-large-sized country in Europe.
The phrase "sick man of Europe" is commonly attributed to Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, referring to the Ottoman Empire, because it was increasingly falling under the financial control of the European powers and had lost territory in a series of disastrous wars.
Sickman原是戏称，指经济困难，穷困潦倒的欧洲国家。这个词最早出现于19世纪中叶，用以形容当时的土耳其帝国，后来也曾一度或几度用于形容其他欧洲的中型或大型国家。最初俄国沙皇尼古拉一世用sick man of Europe来形容土耳其帝国，因为土耳其当时越发受到欧洲国家的金融控制，还在一系列的灾难性战争中丧失了领土。
【文化扩展】
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the United Kingdom was sometimes known as the "sick man of Europe" because of industrial strife and poor economic performance compared to other European countries, culminating with the Winter of Discontent of 1978–1979.
In April 2007, The Economist described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe".
In the late 1990s the press labeled Germany with this term because of its economic problems, especially due to the costs of German reunification after 1990, which were estimated to amount to over €1.5 trillion.
In 2007, a report by Morgan Stanley referred to France as the "new sick man of Europe”.
sick man并不特指中国，在世界历史上，葡萄牙、法国、德国，乃至大不列颠帝国都被称作过sick man。 | 
发表于 2017-3-17 19:22:36