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The endings -able, -ion, -er, -or, -ance, -ence, -ous, -ish, and -al are
generally used to form adjectives and nouns. Here are some guidelines about how
they affect the spelling of the word to which they're added:
-able, -ion, -er, -or, -ance, -ence, -ous, -ish,
和-al常常充当名词和形容词的后缀。以下这些规则指出了后缀对单词的影响:
When you're adding one of these endings to a word that ends with a
consonant, the spelling is often straightforward:
当原本的词汇是以辅音结尾，一般直接添加后缀。
Adapt(vi. 适应), adaptable(adj. 适合的;能适应的;可修改的)
Addict(vt. 使沉溺;使上瘾), addiction(n. 上瘾，沉溺;癖嗜)
Mountain(n. 山;山脉), mountainous(adj. 多山的;巨大的;山一般的)
Black(n. 黑色;黑人;黑颜料), blackish(adj. 带黑色的)
If you add one of the endings to a word that ends in an e that isn't
pronounced, drop this final e:
如果单词结尾有不发音的e，则去掉结尾的e再加后缀：
Inflate(vt. 使充气;使通货膨胀), inflation(n. 膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡)
advise(vt. 建议;劝告，忠告;通知;警告), advisable(adj. 明智的，可取的，适当的)
dance(n. 舞蹈;舞会;舞曲), dancer(n. 舞蹈家;舞蹈演员;舞女;跳舞者)
The exceptions to this rule are words that end with a ‘soft’ce or ge
sound:
这条规则在以ge、ce结尾时例外，不去掉结尾的e：
Notice(n. 通知，布告;注意;公告), noticeable(adj. 显而易见的，显著的;值得注意的)
Courage(n. 勇气;胆量), courageous(adj. 有胆量的，勇敢的)
Advantage(n. 优势;利益;有利条件), advantageous(adj. 有利的;有益的)
When you add one of these endings to verbs ending in a vowel plus l, you
need to double the l:
当单词以l结尾，需要双写l+后缀
Counsel(n. 法律顾问;忠告;商议;讨论;决策), counsellor(n.
顾问;参赞;辅导员(等于counselor);律师;法律顾问)
Excel(vt. 超过;擅长), excellent(adj. 卓越的;极好的;杰出的)
Double the final consonant when adding these endings to verbs that end with
a single vowel plus a consonant, when the stress is at the end of the verb:
当单词以单个元音+辅音结尾，并且重音在单词末尾，双写末尾的辅音再加后缀:
Refer(vt. 涉及;委托;归诸于;使…求助于), referral(n. n. 参照;提及;被推举的人;转诊病人)
Begin(vt. 开始), beginning(n. 开始;起点)
Forget(vt. 忘记;忽略), forgettable(adj. 可忘记的;容易被忘的)
Don't double the final consonant, if the word ends with a single vowel plus
a consonant, and the stress is not at the end of the word:
当单词以单个元音+辅音结尾，并且重音不在单词末尾，不要双写末尾的辅音，直接加后缀:
Visit(n. 访问;参观;逗留), visitor(n. 访问者，参观者;视察者;候鸟)
Common(n. 普通;平民;公有地), commoner(n. 平民;自费学生;下议院议员)
If the word only has one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a
consonant, double the final consonant:
如果这个词是单音节词，且以单个元音+辅结尾音，双写最后的辅音:
Stop(n. 停止;车站;障碍;逗留), stoppable(adj. 可停止的)
dim(n. 笨蛋，傻子), dimmer(n. [车辆] 调光器;光暗掣;衰减器)
Don't double the final consonant if the verb ends with two vowels plus a
consonant:
双元音加辅音结尾，不要双写最后的辅音：
Sleep(n. 睡眠), sleeper(n. 卧车;卧铺;枕木;睡眠者)
Treat(n. 请客;款待), treatable(adj. 能治疗的;好对付的;能处理的)
In British English, when you add the endings -ous, -ious, -ary, -ation,
-ific, -ize, and -ise to a word which ends in -our, you need to change the -our
to –or before adding the ending:
在英式英语中,当单词以-our结尾，在单词后添加-ous, -ious, -ary, -ation, -ific, -ize,
或–ise后缀时，需要先将our改写成or再添加后缀：
Humour(n. 幽默(等于humor);诙谐), humorous(adj. 诙谐的，幽默的;滑稽的，可笑的)
Glamour(n. 魅力，魔力;迷人的美), glamorize(vt. 美化;使有魅力)
But when you are adding other endings, the -our spelling stays the
same:
但是当你添加其他的后缀时,拼写保持不变:
Colour(n. 颜色;风格;气色，面色;外貌), colourful(adj. 鲜艳的;生动的;色彩丰富的;富有趣味的)
Favour(n. 偏爱;赞同;善行), favourite(n. 特别喜爱的人(或物)) |
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发表于 2017-1-25 18:03:01