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(a)词形不变,词性改变
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).
(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词
例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.
注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.
例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.
2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er 例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.
(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词
例如:achieve—achievement (成就)
advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)
agree—agreement disgree—disagreement
amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)
commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展)
depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府)
manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)
有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论)
(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词
例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;
invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education;
graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")
compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion")
decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion")
describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)
(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词
例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)
perform—performance (演出)
accept—acceptance (接受)
(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)
例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting
bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning
end —ending train —training wash—washing
注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing
如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning
(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化
例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behavior
know(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)
heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)
mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,压)—pressure(压力)
sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功)
tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客) |
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发表于 2016-12-4 18:18:36