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主谓一致类知识点
1. 并列主语受every, each修饰, 谓语用单数还是复数
Every boy and girl ______ the film.
Each boy and girl ______ the film.
A. likes, likes B. like, like C. likes, like D. like, likes
此题应选A。该题容易误选B, 认为主语部分含有 boy 和girl 两部分, 应该用复数。其实当两个并列主语受到 each, every, no等词修饰时, 其谓语通常要用单数：
Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每个男孩和女孩都穿着白衣服。
Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一个男人和女人都对此感兴趣。
Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。
Every man and (every) woman in the village knows
this. 这个村子里的男男女女都知道这事。
Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被发给一个苹果。
No teacher and (no) student was present. 没有一个老师和学生出席。
He listened carefully, but no sound and no voicewas heard. 他仔细地听, 但是没听到一点声音。
2. each用作主语同位语, 谓语用单数还是复数
a. Each student ______ a dictionary.
b. The students each ______ a dictionary.
A. have, have B. have, has C, has, have D. has, has
此题应选C。a句的谓语用单数, 这很显然。b句的谓语要用复数, 这点考生很容易出错。其实a, b两句的意思是一样的(＝每个学生都有一本字典), 但是注意：b句真正的主语是thestudents, 其后的each是主语的同位语, 由于谓语是与主语保持一致(而不是与其同位语保持一致), 所以此句要选 have。
请看以下例句：
We each have a computer. 我们每人都有一台电脑。
They each have read the book. 他们每个人都读过这本书。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
My brother and I each have a car. 我和我兄弟每人都有一辆小汽车。
顺便说一句, 若用each of...作主语, 其谓语通常是用单数, 但在口语或非正式英语中也可用复数(不如用单数常见)：
Each of the boys was [were] deeply frightened. 男孩子们个个都惊恐万分。
Each of these books was [were] interesting. 这些书当中每一本都很有趣。
Each of the students has his [have their] ownbooks. 每个学生都有自己的书。
3. 谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致
We Chinese ______ a hard-working people.
A. is B. are C. is being D. are being
此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致), 而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致), 本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
注意以下类似例子：
These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。
The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。
The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。
The country’s leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。
The best part of the meal is the coffee andcookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。
但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能, 它的谓语到底用单数还是复数, 要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：
1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?
b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?
2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全 正确。
b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。
4. 集合名词作主语, 谓语的数如何确定
1. His family ______ a small one.
2. His family ______ fat and short.
A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is
此题应选C。family 是一个集合名词, 具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。 类似这种用法的词主要的有：team(队, 队员), class(班, 班上的全体学生), crowd(人群), government(政府), crew(乘务员), committee(委员会, 委员们), audience(听众)等：
1. a. This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green
teaches it. 这个班45个学生, 由格林先生教。
b. This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功, 由格林先生教。
2. a. The team is the best in the league. 这个队在 联赛中打得最好。
b. The football team are having baths. 足球队队 员们在洗澡。
3. a. It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了, 但听众人数却在增加。
b. The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都 感动得流了泪。
但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服, poetry 诗歌, baggage / luggage 行李, furniture 家俱, machinery 机械, scenery 景色, jewellery 珠宝 等
2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：
people 人, police 警察, cattle 牲口等
5. 这类结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致
A library wit five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
此题应选A。用连词and连接的两个并列主语, 其谓语要用复数, 但是若主语后跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, morethan, no less than, ratherthan等连接的另一个名词, 其谓通常要与前面一个主语保持一致：
1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _____ late for classyesterday.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
2. A woman with some children _____ soon.
A. is coming B. are coming
C. has come D. have come
3. No one except my parents _____ anything aboutthis.
A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known
4. The teacher as well as the students _____ thebook already.
A. has read B. have read
C. are reading D. is reading
5. All but one ____ in the accident.
A. was killed B. were killed
C. will be killed D. are killed
答案：1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B
6. 这类并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致
a. You or he ______ to blame.
b. _______ you or he to blame?
A. is, Is B. are, Are C. is, Are D. are, Is
此题应选C。在通常情况下, 两个并列主语由or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but (also)等连接时, 其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语) 保持一致：
1. One or two days _____ enough to see the city.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
2. Neither my wife nor I myself _____ able topersuade my daughter to change her mind.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tiredof having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
4. Not the teacher, but the students _____ lookingforward to seeing the film.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
注意在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语 (即临近的一个主语)保持一致：
a. You or he is to blame. 你或他有一人要受责备。
b. Are you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他?
顺便说一句, 在现代英语中用neither...nor, either...or等连接主语时也可一律用复数(但考生在应试时应避免)。
答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B
7. 这类结构中谓语的数取决于形式还是意义
a. More than one boy ______ read the story.
b. More boys than one ______ read the story.
A. have, have B. has, has C. have, has D. has, have
此题应选D。该题很容易误选A, 认为既然more than one意为“不只一个”(＝多个), 那么其谓语就应该用复数。 其实more than one 用作主语时, 谓语通常要用单数(要从形式一致来考虑)。more thanone用作主语时, 要注意以下两个结构：
a. “more than one+单数名词”用作主语, 其谓语通常用单数(即从形式考虑)
b. “more+复数名词+than one”用作主语, 其谓语通常要用复数
也就是说, 以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。
不只一个学生受到惩罚。
正：More than one student was punished.
正：More students than one were punished.
类似以上用法的还有：
a. many a+单数名词(意为：许多), 用作主语, 谓语用单数(即从形式一致考虑)
b. many+复数名词(意为：许多), 用作主语, 谓语要用复数
也就是说, 以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。
很多小孩在那儿玩。
正：Many a child was playing there.
正：Many children were playing there.
8. the number of / a number of与主谓一致
The number of people invited to the party ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent fordifferent reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
此题应选C。注意以下两个结构：
1. “the number of+复数名词”, 指数量的总和, 若用作主语, 其谓语用单数：
The number of people present was much greaterthan we expected. 到场人数大大超出我们的意料。
The number of students is 4000. 学生人数为4000。
2. “a number of+复数名词”, 意为“许多”(= a lotof), 若用作主语, 其谓语用复数：
A number of people were absent from the meeting. 许多人开会缺席。
A number of bottles were broken. 许多瓶子都被摔破了。
类似的有：
a. the variety of+复数名词 → 用作主语, 谓语用单数
b. a variety of+复数名词 → 用作主语, 谓语用复数
The variety of his books is astonishing. 他的藏书的品种多得令人吃惊。
The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的品种丰富。
A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各种各样的书。
9. the rest (of)等作主语, 谓语的数取决于什么
a. The rest of the boys ______ watching TV.
b. The rest of the money ______ stolen.
A. were, were B. was, were C. were, was D. was, was
此题应选 C。all, most, some, half, percent, the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时, 若该名词为可数名词的复数形式, 则其谓语要用复数形式;若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式, 则其谓语要用单数形式：
1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部 分是坏的。
b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部 分。
c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了 大部分时间。
2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。
b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。
c. Half of the money was spent on food. 有一半 的钱用来买食物。
3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这 里的工人有30%是女性。
b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有 30% 的工作已完成。
c. 30 percent of the wall has been painted. 墙 壁有30%已被刷漆。
10. means何时是单数何时是复数
All possible means ______ been tired.
Every possible means ______ been tired.
A. have, have B. has, has C. have, has D. has, have
此题应选C。名词means(方法)的单复数同形, 用作主语时, 其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定：
1. 如果means与all, such, these, those等词连用, 则其含义应该是复数：
These means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such means sound interesting, but in fact they’reimpossible. 那样的方法听起来有趣, 但实际上是不可能的。
2. 如果means与a, such a, this, that, every等词连用, 则其含义应该是单数：
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一种很有效的方法。
3. 有时从句意和上下文无法确定means 到底是单数还是复数, 则其谓语用单数或复数均可以：
做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?
正：Are there any other means of doing it?
正：Is there any other means of doing it?
没有好的方法。
正：There is no good means.
正：There are no good means.
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发表于 2016-7-9 17:46:31