雅思写作辅导：至关重要的开头三句话结尾三句话

英语自学网

　　英文作文=英文+作文
        　　雅思IELTS的独立写作Independent Writing
Tasks是测验【英文+作文=英文作文】。候选人培训写作单项，又学作文【舞其圆】又学英文【练其道】。学作文与英文的知识而又能灵活使用便是【悟其禅】——作文无中生有，英文去杂存清。作文的亮点为圆形逻辑，包挂主题结构内容——主题有焦点，结构有组织，内容有支持。英文的亮点是文法规矩，包含修辞句法词汇——用语求效率，用句求变化，用字求恰当。英文作文的静虑运用——利用抽象的语言处理议论文的唯一题型：冲突。禅的顿悟也许只可意会而难以言传。
        　　从议论文的开头说起。作文中常用的【起承转合】中起段引言最难写。如果开头写三句话，又是开头第一句话最难写，也是最重要。成功的第一句导致成功的第一段。成功的起段可以保证成功的合段，因为合段结尾三句话只是后应起段的前呼三句话，所以只要照抄，注意句子次序颠倒就行了，了不起换一些不同的字汇与句型。旧八股说【起中有合】，【合中有起】也就是如此。中体的承段与转段来龙自起段，去脉则到合段。全文从哪里开始也就在哪里结尾，刚好绕360度一圈。
        　　What are the pros and cons of co-educational schooling? Discuss both views
and give your own opinion. Provide reasons and examples from your knowledge and
experience.
        　　起段开头三句话 Introduction: from general to specific
        　　I. 申论主题——中学男女合校制度利少弊多 Stating your thesis
        　　The effort to introduce female students into male secondary schools, or
vice versa, must be regarded as undesirable because the practice has not been
working well.
        　　II. 集中焦点——立场的冲突 Narrowing your thesis into your focus
        　　Beyond the religious and cultural grounds, there are other issues about
co-education that need to be analyzed.
        　　III. 一分为二——道德败坏，学业退步 Organizing your focus into points of conflict
        　　Of all the obvious drawbacks about mixed-sex educational system, the
decline of moral principles and the fall of academic performance have raised
particular concern.
        　　合段结尾三句话 Conclusion: from specific to general
        　　I. 二合为一：道德败坏，学业退步 Summarizing points of view into your focus
        　　Not surprisingly, from the moral or academic point of view, voices are
increasingly being heard to escalate support for single-sex schooling.
        　　II. 还原焦点：立场的冲突 Widening your focus to the scope of your thesis
        　　It has been more evident that to sacrifice physical and mental differences
for artificial gender equality is probably not the right policy to run teenage
education in general.
        　　III. 重申主题：男女合校坏处多 Restating your thesis
        　　As can be imagined, sending immature boys and girls to attend the co-ed
schools is likely to cause hidden costs to society
        　　经济利益与环境保护的冲突
        　　Today food travels thousands of miles from farms to consumers. Why is this?
Is it a positive or negative trend?
        　　开头三句话 Introduction: from general to specific
        　　申论主题=真题加立场
        　　集中焦点=立场的冲突
        　　一分为二=分别的议论
        　　The food travel debate is inevitably intertwined between economic interests
and environmental concerns. While food is traveling because transport has become
so cheap in a world of globalization, the manner by which food is being carried
is not doing the natural environment any favors. The question is whether to meet
human food demand or to reduce pollution?
        　　结尾三句话 Conclusion: from specific to general
        　　二合为一=论点的归纳
        　　还原焦点=立场的冲突
        　　重申主题=立场加真题
            
            

entwo

        　　In view of both the positive side and negative side about long-distance
food transportation, there seems no easy answer to the question. Nevertheless,
it is up to consumers to make choices, knowing where food comes from. Buying
local produce not only supports local farmers but also provides dinner tables
with the freshest and most nutrient-packed options.
        　　工作满意与工作保障的冲突
        　　Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job
security. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your
answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge and experience.
        　　开头三句话 Introduction: from general to specific
        　　No employee could possibly feel happy about a small chance of losing the
current job anytime soon. Next only to pay, job security is certainly the No. 1
factor leading to job satisfaction in the modern workplace. In view of
increasing unemployment rates these days, not being able to keep a job may mean
the absence of he monthly income on which much of job satisfaction depends.
        　　结尾三句话 Conclusion: from specific to general
        　　For workers in general to feel happy and secure, it is important to
maintain a sense of job security and job satisfaction. Since money is by far the
most important factor that people work, job security is what matters to most
workers. Nevertheless, those who can take job security for granted may begin
planning how to pass their happy years after retirement.
        　　收入与支出的冲突
        　　People in developing countries are happier than before while people in
developed countries are no happier than they used to be. Why? What lesson can
you learn from it?
        　　—Introduction: from general to specific
        　　Financially speaking, people are supposed to be happier when their incomes
exceed expenses, but the reverse is happening to many people in some developed
countries. In comparison, people in some developing countries with a much lower
measure of per capita income appear to be happier in what they actually are able
to buy within their earnings. The lesson seems clear enough: higher living
standards do not necessarily add to happiness but excessive spending can
certainly undermine it.
        　　—Conclusion: from specific to general
        　　To sum up, the only way to avoid being unhappy in life, whether referring
to a developed country or a developing country, is to have happy thoughts about
living within their means and having something to hope for. Per capita income
can no longer be the only measure for economic happiness, judging from the fact
that people in developed countries are not as happy as they used to be. Without
any doubt, the lesson about being happy is for an individual as well as for a
country to perform a balancing act between incomes and expenses.
        　　男人与女人工作机会的冲突
        　　Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore,
some certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
        　　开头三句话：Introduction: from general to specific
        　　It is generally agreed that men and women are created equal but they have
different missions in life due mainly to different biological inclinations. This
leads one to believe that some specific jobs better fit either males or females
only, with people of both sexes doing what they do best. Although the gender
issue in terms of work opportunities and income disparities still exists today,
no one should ever imagine changing the charm that belongs to women and the
strength to men.
        　　结尾三句话：Conclusion: from specific to general
        　　Other things being equal, the paradox seems to be that just as charm can be
women's strength, men's charm can be strength. Besides, one should accept the
fact that the quality of employment depends as much on biological differences as
on qualification similarities. In real life, neither gender is the weak sex.
        　　禁止与不禁止的冲突
        　　Films and computer games with violence are very popular in the world. Some
people believe that these have negative effects on society. Other people say
these are just harmless relaxations. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.